Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Tazkieh Gilvari; Behzad Aghabarari; Mohammad Pazouki
Abstract
This study investigated the esterification reaction of different carboxylic acids (Acetic acid, Palmitic acid, and Oleic acid) and ethanol by ZnO, Al2O3-ZnOmixed oxide, and phosphotungestic acid (10 wt %) immobilized on the Al2O3-ZnOmixed oxide. The heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by XRD, ...
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This study investigated the esterification reaction of different carboxylic acids (Acetic acid, Palmitic acid, and Oleic acid) and ethanol by ZnO, Al2O3-ZnOmixed oxide, and phosphotungestic acid (10 wt %) immobilized on the Al2O3-ZnOmixed oxide. The heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, FE-SEM, and EDX techniques. Optimum yield was achieved by using 10 % HPW/Al2O3-ZnOas the best catalyst, and the effects of the amount of catalyst, molar ratio of acid to alcohol, reaction temperature, and time were investigated to ensure the ideal yield of esterification reaction of acetic acid and ethanol. The results showed that the esterification of acetic acid to its ethyl ester was carried out in 3.5 hours, with an alcohol-to-acid-molar ratio of 2 and a temperature of 80 ˚C with yield 98 %. Moreover, the 10 % HPW/Al2O3-ZnOcatalystshowed well activity in biodiesel production by the esterification of palmitic and oleic acids and the reaction yield did not decrease with an increase in alkyl chain lengthin acid molecules, remarkably.
Behzad Aghabarari
Abstract
In this study, Functionalized chitosan with amine groups was synthesized and coated on the surface of carbon black. The hybrid amino functionalized chitosan-carbon support was employed as an efficient, environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification reaction of canola oil ...
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In this study, Functionalized chitosan with amine groups was synthesized and coated on the surface of carbon black. The hybrid amino functionalized chitosan-carbon support was employed as an efficient, environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification reaction of canola oil and methanol. It was observed that this hybrid was more active than parent polymer at the reaction condition. Furthermore, the reactionparameters, such as reaction temperature, molar ratio, amount of the catalyst and reaction time were studied. It was shown that the conversion of canola oil to methyl esters could reach to 95 % during 3.5 h when the reaction was performed with the molar ratio of methanol to canola oil of 12, a catalyst amount of 5 Wt.%, at the reaction temperature of 60 C. These results can be explained by the inherent basicity of amines groups of amino functionalized chitosan on the surface of carbon support. This novel heterogeneous catalyst offers several attractive advantages such as high catalyst activity, easy recovery and reusability of the catalyst.
