Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Marziyeh Gharibian; Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani; Alireza Shirneshan; Sajad Rostami
Abstract
To investigate the possibility of using fuel for plant origin in a diesel generator, safflower methyl ester was prepared and used as a biodiesel. In this research, biodiesel was produced through a transesterification reaction using a hydrodynamic reactor, which increased the reaction efficiency and reduced ...
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To investigate the possibility of using fuel for plant origin in a diesel generator, safflower methyl ester was prepared and used as a biodiesel. In this research, biodiesel was produced through a transesterification reaction using a hydrodynamic reactor, which increased the reaction efficiency and reduced fuel production time. Upon increasing the reaction time from 30 seconds to 60 seconds, the reaction performance increased by 5.5 %. Then, its important features complied with ASTM D-6751 standard. The performance and pollution indices of the diesel generator engine were tested with compounds B0, B20, B50, B80 and B100. The results of short-term engine tests showed that by increasing the share of biodiesel to 20 %, CO emissions were reduced by 21 % compared to pure diesel fuel, but the amount of NOX increased by 0.82 % compared to diesel. Also, the use of 20 % volume of biodiesel in the fuel composition increased the thermal efficiency of braking, braking power, and braking torque of fuel, compared to diesel. Also, the specific fuel consumption of B20 was reduced by 2 %, which is very important economically. Finally, the TOPSIS analysis illustrated that B50 fuel outperformed pure diesel fuel and other listed fuel combinations.
Environmental Impacts and Sustainability
Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani; Marziyeh Ansari Samani; Rahim Ebrahimi; Zahra Esmaeili; Ali Ansari Ardali
Abstract
Due to limited oil reserves, the rising world fuel prices and environmental problems caused by the use of fossil fuels increase the tendency to use alternative fuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol. In this study, the evaluation of energy and exergy flow from seed planting to final production of biodiesel ...
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Due to limited oil reserves, the rising world fuel prices and environmental problems caused by the use of fossil fuels increase the tendency to use alternative fuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol. In this study, the evaluation of energy and exergy flow from seed planting to final production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil was carried out. Biodiesel production from rapeseed was made in three main phases: farm, oil extraction, and industrial biodiesel production. Initially, the input and output variables for rapeseed production were collected through questionnaires from 30 rapeseed farms in Khuzestan province, Iran. Thus, the amount of energy input and output to the field for rapeseed was estimated to be 12826.98 and 22195 MJ/ha, respectively. The highest energy consumption is related to chemical fertilizers with 65 % share of other inputs. Input and output exergy rates were obtained as 3933.494 and 22603.39 MJ/ha, respectively, and the highest exergy consumption related to diesel fuel with 58 % share of other inputs. At the biodiesel production stage, the input energy and output energy were 156.95 MJ and 41.88 MJ, respectively, and the highest amount of electricity consumed was 91.02 MJ. The total amount of exergy in the production of biodiesel and the output exergy was 48.412 MJ and 64.568 MJ, respectively. In this study, the effects of alcohol-to-oil molar ratio, ultrasound power (W), catalyst concentration (w/w %), and the reaction time (min) on methyl ester yield using response surface methodology based on Box Behnken experimental design in the Design Expert software were investigated. Finally, gas emissions were studied at the planting and biodiesel production stages, and the resultsshowed that the highest greenhouse gas emissions at the planting stage were related to chemical fertilizers and alcohol production.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Alireza Shirneshan; Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani
Abstract
In this study, the effects of JP-4-biodiesel-diesel blends and engine operating parameters on the performance characteristics of a diesel engine were investigated. The experimental tests were performed on a four-cylinder DI diesel engine. The Mixture-RSM method was applied to develop the mathematical ...
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In this study, the effects of JP-4-biodiesel-diesel blends and engine operating parameters on the performance characteristics of a diesel engine were investigated. The experimental tests were performed on a four-cylinder DI diesel engine. The Mixture-RSM method was applied to develop the mathematical models based on the experimental data. The results showed that the fitted models could be properly applied to predict the performance characteristics of the engine. According to the results, the brake power and torque decreased with increasing the biodiesel amount in the fuel mixture due to the lower energy content and higher viscosity of biodiesel than diesel fuel No.2. However, the brake power and torque increased slightly with increasing JP-4 in the fuel blend. The results also indicated that the BSFC increased with the higher proportion of biodiesel in the mixture at all engine speeds. The results indicated that there was no considerable difference in BSFC values while JP-4 was added to the fuel mixture, especially at higher engine speeds. Moreover, the difference of brake power values for fuel blends included biodiesel and neat diesel decreases at higher engine speeds due to the positive role of oxygen content in the molecular structure of biodiesel. Based on the results, brake power and torque increased at the higher engine load as a result of higher temperatures and better combustion conditions. Moreover, JP-4 caused an improvement in brake thermal efficiency compared to biodiesel, especially at lower and medium engine speeds. Generally, it is indicated that the application of JP-4 can improve engine performance.
Environmental Impacts and Sustainability
Marziyeh Forootan; Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani; Amin Lotfalian; Sajad Rostami; Zahra Esmaeili; Marziyeh Ansari Samani
Abstract
To preserve fossil fuel sources and reduce environmental pollution, it is necessary to use higher quality and more efficient fuels that cause lower pollution and are recovered more easily. Therefore, this study will investigate the cycle of biodiesel production from chicken fat by life-cycle assessment ...
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To preserve fossil fuel sources and reduce environmental pollution, it is necessary to use higher quality and more efficient fuels that cause lower pollution and are recovered more easily. Therefore, this study will investigate the cycle of biodiesel production from chicken fat by life-cycle assessment (LCA). To achieve this purpose, information on the amount of inputs consumed and produced by some broiler-farming units was collected using questionnaire. The value of net energy in this cycle was assessed to be a large negative number, and the energy ratio lower than one indicates high energy consumption of the production of this fuel. The net yield of biodiesel production was 0.574 liter-biodiesel per kg of waste fat. In the cycle, the greatest impact of pollutants was exerted on the Marine aquatic ecotoxicity intoxication and the least effect on ozone depletion. According to the global warming index, production of 1 liter of biodiesel yielded 1.90 kg CO2, and the depletion rate of fossil fuel sources for the production of 1 liter of biodiesel was obtained 21.35 MJ. The production of biodiesel from chicken slaughterhouse waste fat is considered a kind of energy recycling and is an effort to reduce environmental pollution.
Somayeh Choobin; Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani; Zahra Esmaeili
Abstract
In recent years, increasing the awareness on the environmental problems, especially global warming, has increase the concerns about the impact of emissions on the global climate. The current study was conducted to evaluate and analyze the environmental effects of rapeseed production in the form of life ...
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In recent years, increasing the awareness on the environmental problems, especially global warming, has increase the concerns about the impact of emissions on the global climate. The current study was conducted to evaluate and analyze the environmental effects of rapeseed production in the form of life cycle using SimaPro software with the aim concentration on climate changes and impact of acidification. In order to perform the experiments, 1 tone rapeseed was used as operational unit. The required data was collected from 30 farms in Izeh city. Ten environmental indexes including depletion of groundwater resources, potential to acidification, potential to eutrophication, potential to global warming, ozone depletion potential, human toxicity potential, potential to toxicity of fresh water and marine fish, potential to environmental toxicity, potential to photochemical oxidation were investigated in this research. Results showed that the amount of greenhouse emissions for rapeseed was equal to 112.73 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent. It was also revealed that chemical fertilizer had the highest share among the evaluated inputs within the life cycle. Results obtained in this survey indicated that management of nutrients and pesticides can be considered as a concentration point for optimizing the environmental influences of rapeseed production in the related region.
Sajad Rostami; Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani; Keramatolah Saeidi
Abstract
Renewable energy sources are developed worldwide, owing to high oil prices and in order to limit greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this research was to study the feasibility of biodiesel production from mountain almond (Prunus Scoparia) oil using ultrasonic system and optimization of the process ...
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Renewable energy sources are developed worldwide, owing to high oil prices and in order to limit greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this research was to study the feasibility of biodiesel production from mountain almond (Prunus Scoparia) oil using ultrasonic system and optimization of the process using Artificial Bees Colony (ABC) Algorithm. The results showed that by increasing the molar ratio, the conversion percentage increased and after reaching a certain ratio, further increase in the molar ratio caused decrease in the conversion percentage. Increasing in the ultrasound amplitude resulted in an increase in the conversion percentage which tends to ascend; Furthermore, results of optimization showed that the amount of molar ratio, amplitude, pulse and reaction time were 5.6, 0.90, 0.33 and 5 min, respectively. For independent variables, the values of yield and energy consumption were obtained which were equal to 96.1% and 9912 J, respectively. This finding proves that ABC algorithm can estimate the optimum point in biodiesel production with high accuracy. Renewable energy sources are developed worldwide, owing to high oil prices and in order to limit greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this research was to study the feasibility of biodiesel production from Mountain almond (Prunus scoparia) oil using ultrasonic system and optimization of the process using Artificial Bees Colony Algorithm. The results showed that with increasing the molar ratio, the conversion percentage increased and after reaching a certain ratio, further increase in the molar ratio caused decrease in the conversion percentage. The increase in the ultrasound amplitude resulted in an increase in the conversion percentage which tends to ascend. Furthermore, results of optimization showed that the amount of molar ratio, amplitude, pulse and reaction time were 5.6, 0.90 0.33 and 5 min, respectively. For independent variables, the values of yield and energy consumption were obtained which were equal to 96.1% and 9912 J, respectively. This finding proves that ABC algorithm can estimate the optimum point in biodiesel production with high accuracy.
