Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Yuvaperiyasamy M; Senthilkumar N; Deepanraj B
Abstract
This experimental study investigates the performance of single-slope solar desalination with finned pond with varying glass cover angle, water depth, usage of sensible and latent heat materials for four different saline water types. Conventional solar stills (CSS) produces less distillate and hence some ...
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This experimental study investigates the performance of single-slope solar desalination with finned pond with varying glass cover angle, water depth, usage of sensible and latent heat materials for four different saline water types. Conventional solar stills (CSS) produces less distillate and hence some design changes are made by integrating finned pond in conventional solar still (CSS-FP) apart from filling paraffin wax and bricks inside the solar still that enhances the thermal storage capacity. The solar still is constructed with galvanized steel for the base and side walls, while the basin is covered with tempered glass whereas the thermal conductivity is improved by applying a black paint on the sides. The finned pond enhances the heat absorption and distribution process, consequently increasing the evaporation rate within the still. The experiment was done in Pongalur, Tamil Nadu, India (10.9729° N, 77.3698° E), the maximum distillate production is achieved at a 35° glass cover angle and a 7 cm water depth. Desalination is done for four saline liquids: bore water (BW), seawater (SW), leather industry wastewater (LW), and plastic industry wastewater (PW). BW exhibits the highest yield due to its lower density and salinity. The chemical analysis of desalinated water suggests its suitability for home use; the economic research reveals a payback period of 230 days, confirming the solar still's financial feasibility. Hence, it is concluded that the proposed CSS-FP can increase productivity compared to the CSS under different conditions.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Reza Roohi; Masoud Akbari
Abstract
The design of novel and effective receivers is one of the most challenging aspects of solar energy harvesters, especially for Parabolic Dish Collectors (PDCs). The variation of solar flux due to the solar time and sky clearance index can affect the output thermal energy of the collector. One of the major ...
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The design of novel and effective receivers is one of the most challenging aspects of solar energy harvesters, especially for Parabolic Dish Collectors (PDCs). The variation of solar flux due to the solar time and sky clearance index can affect the output thermal energy of the collector. One of the major approaches to producing a uniform performance for the PDCs is the utilization of Phase Change Materials (PCMs). The PCMs can absorb the solar flux at its peak instances. Subsequently, due to the thermal buffering effect, excess energy is released in cases with lower solar flux. In the present study, a novel design of receiver with multiple layers of thin PCM inserted between the passages of the working fluid is numerically simulated. The simulations are designed to determine the effect of operational parameters on the performance of the examined novel receiver. According to the results, by increasing the Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) flow rate from 60 to 90 kg/h, the system efficiency is increased from 53.8 to 66.4 %.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Gopal Nath Tiwari; Shikha Singh; Yashwant Kumar Singh
Abstract
This paper presents an analytical expression for the temperatures of the plant, room air, and solar cell, as well as the electrical efficiency, for a photo-voltaic thermal (PVT) roof façade of a greenhouse integrated semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal (GiSPVT) system. The expression considers ...
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This paper presents an analytical expression for the temperatures of the plant, room air, and solar cell, as well as the electrical efficiency, for a photo-voltaic thermal (PVT) roof façade of a greenhouse integrated semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal (GiSPVT) system. The expression considers climatic variables such as solar intensity and ambient air temperature, as well as design parameters such as the area of the PV module, electrical efficiency under standard test conditions (STC), temperature coefficient, and various heat transfer coefficients. Using monthly numerical computations for different parameters in Indian climatic conditions, this study evaluates energy matrices such as energy payback time (EPBT), energy production factor (EPF), and life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) for various solar cell materials, including single-crystalline (c-Si), multi-crystalline (mc-Si), amorphous (a-Si), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and cadmium telluride (CdTe), with and without thermal exergy. Considering that the life span of greenhouse materials varies from 5-30 years for low cost, medium, and high-tech greenhouses, different solar cell materials are recommended for different life spans of GiSPVT. Therefore, this study recommends suitable solar cell materials for known greenhousedesigns:(a) The EPBT and (LCCE considering thermal exergy for c-Si/mc-Si range from approximately 3.5 to 4.5 years and 13 to 22%, respectively. Consequently, these values render crystalline silicon solar cells highly fitting for application in high-tech greenhouses with a comparable lifespan.(b) For the CIGS, the EPBT is 1.17 years with an associated LCCE (including thermal exergy) of 16.44%. This establishes CIGS as particularly well-suited for deployment in cost-effective greenhouse environments designs:(a) EPBT and LCCE for c-Si/ mc-Si are about 3.5 to 4.5 years and 13 to 22%, respectively, with respect to thermal exergy. Hence, these two solar cell materials are most suitable for high-tech greenhouses that are similar to crystalline solar cell in terms of life cycle. (b) EPBT and LCCE of CIGS are 1.17 years and 16.44%, respectively, with respect to thermal exergy. Hence, the solar cell material of CIGS is most suitable for low-cost greenhouses.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Dorsa Razeghi Jahromi; Ali Minoofar; Ghazal Ghorbani; Aslan Gholami; Mohammad Ameri; Majid Zandi
Abstract
Floating photovoltaic solar systems offer numerous advantages, including reduced land usage, diminished water evaporation, and lowered thermal losses compared to terrestrial installations. If widely adopted, this system has the potential to generate a staggering 10,600 TWh of electricity. The widespread ...
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Floating photovoltaic solar systems offer numerous advantages, including reduced land usage, diminished water evaporation, and lowered thermal losses compared to terrestrial installations. If widely adopted, this system has the potential to generate a staggering 10,600 TWh of electricity. The widespread implementation of this technology could curtail water evaporation by approximately 30%. Floating solar power plants operate at temperatures about 20°C cooler than their terrestrial counterparts, enabling floating panels to yield up to 33.3% more energy. Furthermore, floating photovoltaic systems exhibit an 18.18% greater efficacy in curbing greenhouse gas emissions compared to their land-based counterparts. The heightened adoption of this system is driven by diverse factors, including escalating energy demand, ecological concerns, land-use constraints, and water scarcity, all contributing to sustainability. Despite the manifold benefits of these systems, there exist drawbacks associated with this technology, such as heightened panel corrosion, challenges in cleaning, and potential adverse environmental impacts that need to be addressed. This study meticulously examines the merits and challenges of floating photovoltaic systems in comparison to land-based installations through the content analysis method, meticulously categorizing pertinent research within the existing literature. Tailored approaches to cooling and cleaning, suited to the distinct installation conditions and environments of these systems, are concisely outlined. Through a comprehensive literature review and a meticulous comparison of cooling methods, it has been ascertained that the application of such strategies for floating solar plants yields an efficiency increase of 5-7% in the short term. Consequently, this study furnishes an initial guide for researchers and designers engaged in the development of both floating and land-based solar photovoltaic systems.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Mohamed Chouidira; Nabila Ihaddadene; Razika Ihaddadene; Jed Mohamed El Hacen; Younes Kherbiche
Abstract
The study explores the impact of surface orientation and tilt on incident solar irradiation. It was conducted in M'Sila, an Algerian province, from February to June. A number of experiments were carried out using an experimental setup consisting of a heliometer and a slant changer, which allowed for ...
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The study explores the impact of surface orientation and tilt on incident solar irradiation. It was conducted in M'Sila, an Algerian province, from February to June. A number of experiments were carried out using an experimental setup consisting of a heliometer and a slant changer, which allowed for the variation of the tilt angle. Nineteen tilt angles ranging from 0° to 90° were investigated for the four main directions: North, South, East, and West. The obtained outcomes were statistically analyzed. At east and south orientations, incident solar irradiance rose as a function of tilt angle, reaching a maximum at the optimal angle, and then gradually decreased. Generally, the incident solar irradiance decreased as the tilt angle increased in the case of west and north orientations. The tilt angle of the exposed surface as well as the sun's elevation in the sky affected the amount of intercepted energy significantly at each orientation (p<0.05). When the sun was low in the sky, the south orientation was most preferred for an inclination greater than or equal to 25°. The north-facing surfaces with steep slopes (β³ 55°) received the least amount of solar radiation. These results hold great importance, particularly in the building sector, as they can be utilized to achieve energy saving.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Gopal Nath Tiwari; Prashant Bhardwaj; Sujata Nayak
Abstract
This study considers N-photovoltaic thermal-thermo electric cooler (PVT-TEC) air collectors connected in series for thermal and electrical performance. An improved Hottel-Whiller-Bliss (HWB) equation and mass flow rate factor were derived for the nth PVT-TEC air collectors. The derivation is based on ...
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This study considers N-photovoltaic thermal-thermo electric cooler (PVT-TEC) air collectors connected in series for thermal and electrical performance. An improved Hottel-Whiller-Bliss (HWB) equation and mass flow rate factor were derived for the nth PVT-TEC air collectors. The derivation is based on energy balance equation for each component of N-photovoltaic thermal-thermo electric cooler (PVT-TEC) air collectors connected in series. Further, thermal energy and electrical energy from PV module and TEC were analyzed based on a given design and climatic parameters along with the overall exergy of the proposed system on the hourly and daily bases. Numerical computations were conducted using MATLAB under Indian climatic conditions. The proposed thermal model is valid for all climatic and weather conditions. Based on the numerical computations carried out, the following conclusions were made:The electrical power of PV module decreased with increase in the number of the n^th PVT-TEC air collectors as the electrical power of TEC increased.The overall instantaneous exergy efficiency decreased with increase in the number of the n^th PVT-TEC air collectors.Packing factor of TEC was found to be a very sensitive parameter for optimizing the number of PVT-TEC air collectors to ensure maximum overall exergy, and it was found to be β_tec=0.5. for N=7
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Armin Motamed Sadr; Mehran Ameri Mahabadi; ٍٍEbrahim Jahanshahi Javaran
Abstract
In this research, the performance of an asphalt solar air collector was experimentally tested and the daily thermal and exergy efficiencies of the collector were analyzed. The sun's radiant energy is absorbed by asphalt and converted into thermal energy. Then, it is transmitted to aluminum pipes buried ...
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In this research, the performance of an asphalt solar air collector was experimentally tested and the daily thermal and exergy efficiencies of the collector were analyzed. The sun's radiant energy is absorbed by asphalt and converted into thermal energy. Then, it is transmitted to aluminum pipes buried under the asphalt and, finally, to the air passing through the pipes. A suction fan induces the ambient air to the collector. The experimental results show that the daily thermal efficiencies at mass flow rates of 0.007 (kg/s) and 0.014 (kg/s) are 11.98 % and 24.10 % and daily exergy efficiencies are 0.34 % and 0.66 %, respectively, showing the increase in daily energy and exergy efficiencies with increasing the air mass flow rate. In addition, results show that as the flow rate increases, the outlet air temperature decreases. The presence of temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the collector in the last hours of the day, when the sun's radiation islow, indicates that asphalt acts as a thermal energy storage medium.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Samira Jafari; Mehran Ameri Mahabadi
Abstract
As a result of growing energy demand, shortage of fossil fuel resources, climate change, and environmental protection, the need for renewable energy sources has been growing rapidly. However, there is an urgent need to cope with intermittency and fluctuation of renewable energies. Various energy storage ...
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As a result of growing energy demand, shortage of fossil fuel resources, climate change, and environmental protection, the need for renewable energy sources has been growing rapidly. However, there is an urgent need to cope with intermittency and fluctuation of renewable energies. Various energy storage systems are considered as appropriate solutions to the above-mentioned problem. In the present manuscript, a novel compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system was proposed. Furthermore, an extra thermal energy storage with Therminol VP-1 as a working fluid, coupled with Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC), was added to the system. This integration is conducive to rising the inlet temperature of turbines and reducing the work load that should be done by the compressors. In the present study, a method based on software product including Engineering Equation Solver (EES) for determining thermodynamic characters per component and System Advisor Model (SAM) was employed to model the solar field for a desired location. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted to evaluate the whole cycle performance during charging and discharging periods. In this study, the city of Kerman located in the south-eastern part of Iran, with Direct Normal Incidence (DNI) of 950 , was selected for the present modeling. The results of a random day (June 22/2019) at time 15:00 represented the exergy efficiency of 66.98 % and the round trip efficiency of 93.14 %. High exergy efficiency and round trip efficiency of this system make this idea applicable to enhancing the total performance of the entire system.
Renewable Energy Economics, Policies and Planning
Seyed Mohammad Emami Razavi; Mohammad Hossein Jahangir; Soroush Mousavi
Abstract
The renewable energy can be utilized to satisfy the energy demand. Moreover, the solar energy as the most abundant energy resource among renewable energies plays a crucial role to provide the energy demand. The BIPV (building integrated photovoltaics) systems can be considered to supply the required ...
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The renewable energy can be utilized to satisfy the energy demand. Moreover, the solar energy as the most abundant energy resource among renewable energies plays a crucial role to provide the energy demand. The BIPV (building integrated photovoltaics) systems can be considered to supply the required energy demand from renewable sources. The essential advantage of BIPV systems is that they can be utilized as building component such as roof, window, shading systems and building façade and they can generate electricity simultaneously. Even though the photovoltaic technologies have been improved within past few years, however the utilization of the BIPV systems will be considered expensive. For this reason, the payback period calculation is considered a vital parameter in evaluating the BIPV systems. In this study, the overall energy consumption for producing one m2 of a mono-crystalline photovoltaic module is calculated 1334 kWh. Additionally, the photovoltaic module data for three companies were investigated and the annual energy productions for one m2 of each company’s product were obtained. The results showed that the average energy payback time for 270 and 280 watt modules are 5.565 and 5.254 respectively. Moreover, the energy payback time for 290, 325 and 340 watt modules were calculated 4.903, 5.437 and 4.965 respectively.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Narges Barzanooni; Hamid Reza Haghgou
Abstract
In this paper, on the basis of Green comprehensive Plan at Hakim Sabzevari University of Sabzevar, Iran, using of active solar systems at dining hall has been evaluated. On the basis of solar measured data and some solar models and relations, solar energy on the various surfaces and tilts are ...
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In this paper, on the basis of Green comprehensive Plan at Hakim Sabzevari University of Sabzevar, Iran, using of active solar systems at dining hall has been evaluated. On the basis of solar measured data and some solar models and relations, solar energy on the various surfaces and tilts are evaluated. Then electricity and thermal energy consumption are measured and new efficient lighting systems are introduced. Then photovoltaic/thermal panels and one ended evacuated tube solar collector for façade and rooftop installation are chosen. Results shows that 36683 Nm 3 /year natural gas and 87.6 tone/year pollutant are reduced. Payback time of the system based on internal energy carrier and export electricity price are 21.3 and 3.9 years respectively.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Negin Maftouni; Kiana Motaghedi
Abstract
Traditional fossil fuels, which are also depleting cause environmental problems. A significant portion of global energy consumption is due to building air conditioning systems. Nowadays, considerable attention is drawn to renewable and sustainable energy sources to support the energy requirements of ...
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Traditional fossil fuels, which are also depleting cause environmental problems. A significant portion of global energy consumption is due to building air conditioning systems. Nowadays, considerable attention is drawn to renewable and sustainable energy sources to support the energy requirements of buildings. In this study, a solar absorption chiller was designed for a three-floor residential building in hot and arid climate. At first, thermal loads in the building were calculated using Carrier software. The material and color of the exterior walls, as well as window types, were changed to reduce the heat transfer coefficient and get an optimum design. Results indicate that by using the optimum design, maximum heating load reduction and maximum cooling load reduction can be achieved with approximate rates of 37 % and 12 %, respectively. Considering safety factor and based on the maximum cooling load, a single-effect LiBr-water solar absorption chiller was designed for the optimum building. Two different scenarios were suggested using two types of flat plate and evacuated tube collector. Results show that in the case of evacuated tube collector the net collector area of 254.18 m2 is sufficient to supply the cooling power. Implementing flat plate collectors would result in occupying an area of 398.5 m2. Regarding the limitation of total area of roof and efficiency issues, the evacuated tube collector is the best option.
Renewable Energy Economics, Policies and Planning
Masoud Rezaei; Alireza Boushehri; Naser Bagheri Moghaddam
Abstract
Using a variety of solar power plants is one of the solutions governments use to respond to energy and sustainable development needs. While Iran has a strong potential for using solar energy, the application of solar energy, especially through PV technology, has been limited due to the country’s ...
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Using a variety of solar power plants is one of the solutions governments use to respond to energy and sustainable development needs. While Iran has a strong potential for using solar energy, the application of solar energy, especially through PV technology, has been limited due to the country’s richness of fossil fuels and their low prices. Therefore, it is important to adopt effective strategies and policies to promote the development and application of this technology. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the use of photovoltaic technology in Iran. To this end, 142 factors were first identified through a comprehensive review of the literature. Then, all of these factors were prioritized and categorized by “semi-structured interview” with 15 energy policy experts. The “content analysis” of the experts’ opinions showed that only 59 of these factors were considered important at the sectorial level for Iran. Based on the same content analysis, a conceptual framework for the application of decentralized photovoltaic power plants in Iran was developed. The framework shows that 10 generic categories of factors should be considered by policy-makers at the solar energy sector to promote PV technology application in Iran. They include policy factors, institutional factors, finance and budgeting factors, system economy factors, macroeconomic factors, socio-cultural factors, human resource factors, factors influencing capabilities of industries, technological and related infrastructural factors, geographical, climatic and environmental factors, and foreign political factors. It is also emphasized that all these categories should be considered at three levels: industry (electricity industry) level, national level, and international level. Thus, renewable energy policy-makers in Iran should take into account all means that influence these factors in order to improve the conditions for decentralized photovoltaic technology application.
Akram Abdulameer Abbood Al-Khazzar; Aseel Jamal Khaled
Abstract
In Iraq, solar radiation field measurements are available only for very ...
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In Iraq, solar radiation field measurements are available only for very limited locations such as some universities and research centers. This article reviews and compares the measured monthly averaged global solar radiation data for Iraqi provinces and cities available in the literature and studies over the internet especially Google Scholar, Research Gate and IASJ. The selected locations are Baghdad, Mosul, Tikrit, Rutba, Nasiriya, Kirkuk, Haditha, and Najaf. The measured data is compared with the corresponding available satellite data from NASA and Meteonorm software and Root mean square error is calculated to test NASA and Meteonorm performance. The review results show that the maximum GSR in July in Haditha (8.3 kWhr/m2) while the minimum is in Mosul city in December (1.68 kWhr/m2). Baghdad measured monthly mean is about 5.20 kWhr/m2.
Vajiheh Sabeti; Fateme Ahmadi Boyaghchi
Abstract
This paper deals with a multi-objective optimization of a novel micro solar driven combined power and ejector refrigeration system (CPER). The system combines an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with an ejector refrigeration cycle to generate electricity and cold capacity simultaneously. Major thermodynamic ...
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This paper deals with a multi-objective optimization of a novel micro solar driven combined power and ejector refrigeration system (CPER). The system combines an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with an ejector refrigeration cycle to generate electricity and cold capacity simultaneously. Major thermodynamic parameters, namely turbine inlet temperature, turbine inlet pressure, turbine back pressure, and evaporator temperature are selected as the decision variables. Three objective functions, namely the energetic efficiency, exergetic efficiency and cost rate of products are selected for optimization. NSGA-II and MOPSO are employed and compared, to achieve the final solutions in the multi-objective optimization of the system operating. It is found that the values of the energetic and exergetic efficiencies increase within 27.7% and 26.1%, respectively and the cost rate of products decreases by about 32.7% with respect to base case.
Mahboobe Sabaghian; Fateme Ahmadi Boyaghchi
Abstract
Energy, exergy and exergoeconomic (3E) evaluation are performed to assess the performance of a NH3/H2O cycle integrated with parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSC). To provide continuous electricity produced by generator when solar beam radiation is insufficient a stabilizer temperature subsystem is ...
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Energy, exergy and exergoeconomic (3E) evaluation are performed to assess the performance of a NH3/H2O cycle integrated with parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSC). To provide continuous electricity produced by generator when solar beam radiation is insufficient a stabilizer temperature subsystem is utilized. The major thermodynamic parameters and climate conditions variations are selected to investigate, for their effects on the energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and unit cost of electricity of the overall system. The results reveal that the solar collectors exhibit the worst exergy and exergoeconomic performance, so that when system is only fuelled by solar energy, elevation of solar beam irradiation around 40% reduces the efficiencies and electricity production cost within 23% and 0.4%, respectively. It is found that the increment of ammonia basic concentration, turbine inlet pressure, evaporator inlet temperature and evaporator pinch temperature lead to elevation of energy and exergy efficiencies and decrement of electricity production cost. Then, the single and multi-objective optimizations are performed to maximize the energy and exergy efficiencies and minimize the electricity production cost based on genetic algorithm (GA). Results indicate that the electricity production cost obtained through economic optimization is less than around 2% and 2.2% compared to the optimization based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Multi objective optimization causes reduction of electricity production cost around 14% and enhancement the energy and exergy efficiencies 8.5% and 6.7%, respectively too.