Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Reza Rahimi; Alireza Shirneshan
Abstract
In this study, the effects of hydrogen and hydroxygen additions and oxygen enrichment on the emission characteristics of a gasoline engine (EF7) were investigated and compared with each other. The simulation was launched by GT-Power at different engine speeds with 5 % to 15 % volume fractions for both ...
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In this study, the effects of hydrogen and hydroxygen additions and oxygen enrichment on the emission characteristics of a gasoline engine (EF7) were investigated and compared with each other. The simulation was launched by GT-Power at different engine speeds with 5 % to 15 % volume fractions for both of oxygen and hydrogen enrichment and 4.5 % to 9 % volume fractions of hydroxygen addition in the intake gas, respectively. In addition, the model was validated by experimental data. The results showed that CO emission decreased from 11 % to 28 % in the hydrogen-enrichment condition. Moreover, carbon monoxide production was reduced from 28 % to 42 % for hydroxygen addition, and this pollutant emission experienced a reduction of 51 % to 67 % for oxygen enrichment. According to the results, HC emission decreased up to 13% in the hydrogen-enriched air condition, and it was reduced from 30 % to 43 % during hydroxygen addition. In addition, HC emission experienced maximum reduction of 47 % to 68 % during oxygen addition. On the other hand, there was an opposite trend for NOx emission. It was observed that NOx emission increased by around 40 % and 75 % for hydrogen and hydroxygen enrichment, respectively. Moreover, nitrogen oxides enhanced 2 to 5 times during oxygen enrichment, compared to that in the normal condition of the engine. Results showed that 15 % oxygen enrichment and 9 % hydroxygen enrichment had significant effect on the reduction of HC and CO emissions, and oxygen enrichment had greater effect on the rise of NOx emissions than hydrogen and hydroxygen additions.
Hossein Ghadamian; Hassan Ali Ozgoli; Mojtaba Baghban Yousefkhani; Foad Farhani
Abstract
Regenerative Fuel Cell (RFC) systems are used for the enhancement of sustainable energy aspect in conventional fuel cells. In this study, a photovoltaic-electrolyzer-fuel cell integrated cycle has been presented. The proposed system has been designed as a novel approach for alleviating the ...
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Regenerative Fuel Cell (RFC) systems are used for the enhancement of sustainable energy aspect in conventional fuel cells. In this study, a photovoltaic-electrolyzer-fuel cell integrated cycle has been presented. The proposed system has been designed as a novel approach for alleviating the restrictions on energy streams in the RFC systems. Modeling of the system has been performed from the mass and energy point of view, based on both theoretical and practical procedures. To generate electricity from hydrogen, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, integrated with an electrolyzer system which works by solar energy, has been used. Optimized results of required photovoltaic area have shown significantdifferences between theoretical and practical approaches. Moreover, all efficiencies of two scenarios including total efficiency have been indicated and analyzed. The main advantage of this system in comparison with single solar systems, is generation of internal energy of about 2.3 kW for producing 1 kW electricity by the fuel cell.
