Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC)
Iranian Association of Chemical Engineers (IAChE)Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment2423-55473220160501Optimizing Window Size and its Sunshade in Four Main Directions of Residential Buildings in Mild Climate by Integrating Thermal and Lighting Analysis-1147008010.30501/jree.2016.70080ENAyda Montaser KoohsariDepartment of Sustainable Architecture, University of Art, Karaj, IranRima FayazDepartment of Architecture and Urbanism, University of Art, Karaj, IranBehrouz Mohammad KariDepartment of Building Physics, Building and Housing Research Center, Tehran, IranJournal Article19700101As part of sustainable architecture principles and practices, designers need to define building's architectural requirements based on climatic conditions, environmental preservation and reduction in energy consumption. The natural energy sources such as solar radiation affect thermal and lighting performances of buildings depending on its facade characteristics. Traditionally, buildings thermal and lighting analyses are employed independently. As non-linear relationships are often disclosed, an integrated thermal and lighting approach is necessary to optimize the façade configuration. This paper presents an integrated model of thermal and lighting energy simulation which investigates 1650 window configurations, and sunshade size in a residential building in a mild climate to find the optimum solution. The integrated thermal and daylight simulations are carried out using Energy PlusV8-1-0, Daysim 1.08 and Radiance 2.01 software. Calculations are performed on hourly basis for an entire year. First, climatic parameters are validated by on-site measurement. Then all thermal and lighting parameters of the simulated model are defined. Next, the optimal results of the window and sunshade characteristics in four main dimensions (South, North, East, and West) are presented by genetic algorithm approach. The results show that, the window orientation affects up to 10% on energy saving, and horizontal windows with higher sill levels are more energy-efficient in south and east orientations. The optimal sunshade angel of the south orientation is 65-85 degree and its optimal range of Window Wall Ratio(WWR) is 15-25%.https://www.jree.ir/article_70080_e414d002b6950127f595dee872d7f4dc.pdfMaterials and Energy Research Center (MERC)
Iranian Association of Chemical Engineers (IAChE)Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment2423-55473220160501Speed Control of Wind Turbine through Pitch Control Using Different Control Techniques-15237008110.30501/jree.2016.70081ENJavad FaizDepartment of Excellence on Applied Electromagnetic Systems, School of Electrical and Computer, University of Tehran, Tehran,
IranArash Hakimi TehraniDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad branch, Islamic Azad Universi ty, Najafabad, Isfahan, IranGhazanfar ShahgholianDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad branch, Islamic Azad Universi ty, Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-2774-4694Amir Masoud TakbashDepartment of Excellence on Applied Electromagnetic Systems, School of Electrical and Computer, University of Tehran, Tehran,
IranJournal Article19700101Pitch control is one of t he major aspects of wind turbine control, particularly over high wi nd s p e e d a n d oscillations. General El e c t r i c (GE) model of wi n d t ur bi ne i s practically compatible with the structure of the wind turbines. I t h a s b e e n p r o v e d t h a t simulation results using this model are closer to the actual case, compared to other available models. Therefore, in this paper the GE model is used to evaluate the eff ectiveness of three different controllers including Fuzzy controller, self-organized Fuzzy controller (SOFC) and PI controller i n pitch control of the wi nd turbine. Afterward, the results of the controller applications as well as the no controller case in t h e pitch control are compared. The results show a better performance of SOFC in damping the oscillations and overshoot of the wind turbine shaft speed. Finally,<br />electrical power limit and converter cost, the economic analysis of pitch controller application are carriedout. It is shown that the application of the SOFC results are around $142,646 saving.https://www.jree.ir/article_70081_c029046f81085f91082435d62446b158.pdfMaterials and Energy Research Center (MERC)
Iranian Association of Chemical Engineers (IAChE)Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment2423-55473220160501Sliding-Mode-based Improved Direct Active and Reactive Power Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Condition-24347008210.30501/jree.2016.70082ENGholam Reza Arab MarkadehDepartment of Electerical Engineering and Center of Excellence for Mathematics, Sharekord University, Sharekord, IranNasrin BanimehdiDepartment of Electerical Engineering and Center of Excellence for Mathematics, Sharekord University, Sharekord, IranJournal Article19700101This paper proposes an improved direct active and reactive power control (DPC) strategy for a grid-connected doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind-turbine system under unbalanced grid voltage condition. The method produces required rotor voltage references based on the sliding mode control (SMC) approach in stationary reference frame, without the requirement of synchronous coordinate transformation, and therefore causes a simpler design for power control system. Under unbalanced grid voltage condition, two control targets obtained simultaneously, i.e., removing stator active and reactive power oscillations. Moreover this method reduces the THD of stator current. Also it is shown that the proposed control method not only has a high-speed dynamic response but is stable during wind speed and system parameters variations. Simulation results for a 2kw DFIG confirm prominence of proposed control strategy.https://www.jree.ir/article_70082_876b44daa35f5e2a7e69ffc3a15eb145.pdfMaterials and Energy Research Center (MERC)
Iranian Association of Chemical Engineers (IAChE)Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment2423-55473220160501Thermal Performance of a Double-pass Solar Air Heater-35467008310.30501/jree.2016.70083ENRoonak DaghighDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj , Kurdistan, IranAbdellah ShafieianDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj , Kurdistan, IranJournal Article20151015This study analyzes the thermal performance of solar thermal energy using double-pass absorber plate in Sanandaj, Iran. To this end, a mathematical model was encoded according to the energy and exergy balance equations and solved by MATLAB software. Given the environmental conditions and radiation intensity of a winter day in Sanandaj, the effects of external parameters such as radiation intensity and internal parameters such as canal’s height, inlet mass flow rate, absorber length as well as some physical parameters on the efficiency of the system were analyzed and the energy and exergy output of the system was studied. To validate the proposed model, the results obtained from numerical simulation were compared with experimental data, which showed an acceptable compatibility. Finally, the ability of the system to supply the thermal load of the building in the given day was examined and the roles of various factors in the area under thermal coverage of this system were analyzed. The obtained findings indicated that a system with an area of 3 m2 and mass rate of 250 kg/hr in radiation intensity of 619 W/m2 and temperature of 3.45° is capable of supplying the thermal load of a space with an approximate area of 14 m2.https://www.jree.ir/article_70083_e788a883317523df0a71fc4cc5ad4c24.pdfMaterials and Energy Research Center (MERC)
Iranian Association of Chemical Engineers (IAChE)Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment2423-55473220160501Upgrading of Biological Treatment for Landfill Leachate by Nano-Membrane Systems-47567008410.30501/jree.2016.70084ENMahsa AlimoradiMembrane Research Group, Nanobiotechnology Institute, Babol University of Technology, Babol, IranMohsen JahanshahiMembrane Research Group, Nanobiotechnology Institute, Babol University of Technology, Babol, IranMajid PeyraviMembrane Research Group, Nanobiotechnology Institute, Babol University of Technology, Babol, IranJournal Article20151015Treatment of landfill leachate is challenging, due to its characteristics such as age, dumping place, composition and origin of wastes. For this reason, the application of hybrid processes is helpful for complete treatment of contaminants present in the leachates. The addition of membrane operations to biological treatment technology offers new advantages for this method. For this aim, a bench-scale integrated process based on submerged aerobic MBR has been designed and fabricated. Also, Nanofiltration process as a post-treatment was used to upgrade MBR effluent. The results showed that the submerged UF-MBR system effectively removed biodegradable trace organic compounds with the average removal rate of about 75% at optimum food-to- microorganism (F/M) ratio (BOD basis) of 0.2 gBOD/g.d under a HRT of 24 h. The addition of NF process increased the treatment efficiency up to 98%. The effluent COD was reduced from 3500 mg/l to below 50 mg/l. Further, the effect of PAC addition was studied. NH3 –N, TKN and Heavy metals removal efficiency were obtained 97 ± 2%, 96 ± 2% and 99 ± 2%, respectively.Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC)
Iranian Association of Chemical Engineers (IAChE)Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment2423-55473220160501Biodiesel Production Using Hybrid Amino Functionalized Chitosan-carbon Support as Green Catalyst-57627008510.30501/jree.2016.70085ENBehzad AghabarariDepartment of Nanotechnology and Advanced Material, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj, I ran0000-0001-6073-1612Journal Article20151213In this study, Functionalized chitosan with amine groups was synthesized and coated on the surface of carbon black. The hybrid amino functionalized chitosan-carbon support was employed as an efficient, environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification reaction of canola oil and methanol. It was observed that this hybrid was more active than parent polymer at the reaction condition. Furthermore, the reaction<br />parameters, such as reaction temperature, molar ratio, amount of the catalyst and reaction time were studied. It was shown that the conversion of canola oil to methyl esters could reach to 95 % during 3.5 h when the reaction was performed with the molar ratio of methanol to canola oil of 12, a catalyst amount of 5 Wt.%, at the reaction temperature of 60 C. These results can be explained by the inherent basicity of amines groups of amino functionalized chitosan on the surface of carbon support. This novel heterogeneous catalyst offers several attractive advantages such as high catalyst activity, easy recovery and reusability of the catalyst.https://www.jree.ir/article_70085_a51b1b969d6ee752b7cd62c626b4eac1.pdfMaterials and Energy Research Center (MERC)
Iranian Association of Chemical Engineers (IAChE)Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment2423-55473220160501Development of a Pilot Plant Solar Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioner for the Northern Region of Iran-63707008610.30501/jree.2016.70086ENShahab AlizadehDepartment of Energy , Materials & Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj, IranHamid Reza HaghgouDepartment of Energy , Materials & Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj, Iran0000-0002-0346-6979Journal Article20151213In a 10-ton capacity pilot plant solar liquid desiccant air conditioner (LDAC) developed, dehumidification of the outside air is achieved through a honeycomb packed-bed heat and mass exchanger, using lithium chloride solution as the desiccant. The dry air obtained from the dehumidification process is evaporative cooled inside a cooling pad and directed into the conditioned space. The dilute solution thus produced is concentrated in a honeycomb packed-bed scavenger air regenerator using hot water from flat plate solar collectors. Carryover of the desiccant particles has been avoided by using eliminators. The air conditioner was installed on a 250 m2 area of the fluid mechanics laboratory of Babol University of Technology, a hot and humid location in the north on the Caspian Sea. The experimental data obtained were compared with the predicted results of a model developed for the air conditioner based on HYSIS and CARRIER energy soft-wares. The comparison reveals that good agreement exists between the experiments and the model predictions. The above tests further reveal that the unit has a satisfactory performance in independently controlling the air temperature and humidity of the conditioned space. The inaccuracies are well within the measuring errors of the temperature, humidity and the air and solution flow rates. An efficient heat recovery within the air conditioner resulted in a thermal COP of about 1.5 and an electrical COP of 7. A commercialization study reveals that the operating cost of an LDAC is significantly lower than its conventional counterpart. The costs would further reduce if a storage system was used to store the concentrated solution of liquid desiccant. A simple payback of five years was determined for the solar components of the liquid desiccant system in this study.https://www.jree.ir/article_70086_3a2510c3130b3f83d5b77511ed432a7f.pdf