Comparison of the Effects of Hydrogen and Hydroxygen Additions and Oxygen Enrichment on the Emission Characteristics of EF7 Engine

Rahimi, Reza; Shirneshan, Alireza

doi:10.30501/jree.2019.95560

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Reza Rahimi ¹
Alireza Shirneshan ¹^{, 2}

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

² Aerospace and Energy Conversion Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.30501/jree.2019.95560

Abstract

In this study, the effects of hydrogen and hydroxygen additions and oxygen enrichment on the emission characteristics of a gasoline engine (EF7) were investigated and compared with each other. The simulation was launched by GT-Power at different engine speeds with 5 % to 15 % volume fractions for both of oxygen and hydrogen enrichment and 4.5 % to 9 % volume fractions of hydroxygen addition in the intake gas, respectively. In addition, the model was validated by experimental data. The results showed that CO emission decreased from 11 % to 28 % in the hydrogen-enrichment condition. Moreover, carbon monoxide production was reduced from 28 % to 42 % for hydroxygen addition, and this pollutant emission experienced a reduction of 51 % to 67 % for oxygen enrichment. According to the results, HC emission decreased up to 13% in the hydrogen-enriched air condition, and it was reduced from 30 % to 43 % during hydroxygen addition. In addition, HC emission experienced maximum reduction of 47 % to 68 % during oxygen addition. On the other hand, there was an opposite trend for NOx emission. It was observed that NOx emission increased by around 40 % and 75 % for hydrogen and hydroxygen enrichment, respectively. Moreover, nitrogen oxides enhanced 2 to 5 times during oxygen enrichment, compared to that in the normal condition of the engine. Results showed that 15 % oxygen enrichment and 9 % hydroxygen enrichment had significant effect on the reduction of HC and CO emissions, and oxygen enrichment had greater effect on the rise of NOx emissions than hydrogen and hydroxygen additions.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1. Uykur, C., Henshaw, P.F., Ting, D.S.K. and Barron, R.M., "Effects of addition of electrolysis products on methane/air premixed laminar combustion", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 26, No. 3, (2001), 265-273. (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3199(00)00068-9).

2. D'Andrea, T., Henshaw, P.F. and Ting, D.S.K., "The addition of hydrogen to a gasoline-fuelled SI engine", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 29, No. 14, (2004), 1541-1552. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.02.002).

3. Ball, M. and Wietschel, M., "The future of hydrogen–Opportunities and challenges", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 34, No. 2, (2009), 615-627. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.11.014).

4. Veziro⋗lu, T.N. and Barbir, F., "Hydrogen: The wonder fuel", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 17, No. 6, (1992), 391-404. (https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3199(92)90183-W).

5. Kahraman, E., Cihangir Ozcanlı, S. and Ozerdem, B., "An experimental study on performance and emission characteristics of a hydrogen fuelled spark ignition engine", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 32, No. 12, (2007), 2066-2072. (https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijhydene.2006.08.023).

6. Ma, F., He, Y., Deng, J., Jiang, L., Naeve, N. and Wang, M., "Idle characteristics of a hydrogen fueled SI engine", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 36, No. 7, (2011), 4454-4460. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.12.121).

7. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi, M.A.R., "Effect of compression ratio, equivalence ratio and engine speed on the performance and emission characteristics of a spark ignition engine using hydrogen as a fuel", Renewable Energy, Vol. 29, No. 15, (2004), 2245-2260. (https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.renene.2004.04.002).

8. Karagöz, Y., Sandalcı, T. and Dalkılıç, A.S., "Effects of hydrogen and oxygen enrichment on performance and emissions of an SI engine under idle operating condition", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 40, No. 28, (2015), 8607-8619. (https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.05.006).

9. Salimi, F., Shamekhi, A.H. and Pourkhesalian, A.M., "Role of mixture richness, spark and valve timing in hydrogen-fuelled engine performance and emission", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 34, No. 9, (2009), 3922-3929. (https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijhydene.2009.02.077).

10. Karagöz, Y., Yuca, N., Sandalcı, T. and Dalkılıç, A.S., "Effect of hydrogen and oxygen addition as a mixture on emissions and performance characteristics of a gasoline engine", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 40, No. 28, (2015), 8750-8760. (https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.05.039).

11. Ma, F., Wang, M., Jiang, L., Deng, J., Chen, R. and Naeve, N., "Performance and emission characteristics of a turbocharged spark-ignition hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas engine under wide open throttle operating conditions", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 35, No. 22, (2010), 12502-12509. (https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.053).

12. Wang, S., Ji, C., Zhang, J. and Zhang, B., "Improving the performance of a gasoline engine with the addition of hydrogen–oxygen mixtures", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 36, No. 17, (2011), 11164-11173. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.138).

13. Wang, S., Ji, C., Zhang, B. and Liu, X., "Performance of a hydroxygen-blended gasoline engine at different hydrogen volume fractions in the hydroxygen", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 37, No. 17, (2012), 13209-13218, (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene. 2012.03.072).

14. Diéguez, P.M., Urroz, J.C., Marcelino-Sádaba, S., Pérez-Ezcurdia, A., Benito-Amurrio, M. and Sáinz, D., "Experimental study of the performance and emission characteristics of an adapted commercial four-cylinder spark ignition engine running on hydrogen–methane mixtures", Applied Energy, Vol. 113, (2014), 1068-1076. (https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.apenergy.2013.08.063).

15. Ghazal, O.H., "A comparative evaluation of the performance of different fuel induction techniques for blends hydrogen–methane SI engine", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 38, No. 16, (2013), 6848-6856. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.03.090).

16. Karagöz, Y., Yüksek, L., Sandalcı, T. and Dalkılıç, A.S., "An experimental investigation on the performance characteristics of a hydroxygen enriched gasoline engine with water injection", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 40, No. 1, (2015), 692-702. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.11.013).

17. Karagöz, Y., Güler, İ., Sandalcı, T., Yüksek, L. and Dalkılıç, A.S., "Effect of hydrogen enrichment on combustion characteristics, emissions and performance of a diesel engine", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 41, No. 1, (2016), 656-665. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.09.064).

18. Karagöz, Y., Güler, İ., Sandalcı ,T., Yüksek, L., Dalkılıç, A.S. and Wongwises, S., "Effects of hydrogen and methane addition on combustion characteristics, emissions, and performance of a CI engine", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 41, No. 2, (2016), 1313-1325. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.112).

19. Baskar, P. and Senthilkumar, A., "Effects of oxygen enriched combustion on pollution and performance characteristics of a diesel engine", Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1, (2016), 438-443. (https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jestch.2015.08.011).

20. Nidhi, Subramanian, K.A., "Experimental investigation on effects of oxygen enriched air on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a methanol fuelled spark ignition engine", Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 147, (2018), 501-508. (https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.10.066).

21. Technologies G., GT-Power Engine Performance Application Manual, (2009).

22. Wang, S., Ji, C., Zhang, M. and Zhang, B., "Reducing the idle speed of a spark-ignited gasoline engine with hydrogen addition", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 35, No. 19, (2010), 10580-10588. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.002).

23. Pulkrabek, W.W., Engineering fundamentals of the internal combustion engine, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, United States, (1997).

24. Wang, S., Ji, C., Zhang, J. and Zhang, B., "Comparison of the performance of a spark-ignited gasoline engine blended with hydrogen and hydrogen–oxygen mixtures", Energy, Vol. 36, No. 10, (2011), 5832-5837. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.08.042).

25. Budzianowski, W.M. and Miller, R., "Towards improvements in thermal efficiency and reduced harmful emissions of combustion processes by using recirculation of heat and mass: A review", Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 3, (2009), 228-239. (https://doi.org/10.2174/1874477X10902030228).

Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment

Comparison of the Effects of Hydrogen and Hydroxygen Additions and Oxygen Enrichment on the Emission Characteristics of EF7 Engine

References

References

Volume 6, Issue 1
February 2019
Pages 29-35

Comparison of the Effects of Hydrogen and Hydroxygen Additions and Oxygen Enrichment on the Emission Characteristics of EF7 Engine

References

References

Volume 6, Issue 1February 2019Pages 29-35

Volume 6, Issue 1
February 2019
Pages 29-35