Advanced Energy Technologies
Sedigheh Sadegh Hassani; Leila Samiee
Abstract
In the present work, natural biomass and chemical materials were applied as the heteroatom resources for modifying the Porous Graphene (PG) structure by pyrolysis method at 900 ºC. The physical and chemical characterizatons were performed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller ...
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In the present work, natural biomass and chemical materials were applied as the heteroatom resources for modifying the Porous Graphene (PG) structure by pyrolysis method at 900 ºC. The physical and chemical characterizatons were performed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Raman Spectroscopy, N2 Adsorption-Desorption, and X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy (XPS). Furthemore, the behavior of the prepared materials was investigated by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE). The obtained results indicated that doping of heteroatoms into the graphene framework was possible using a low-cost and environment-friendly biomass material as well as chemical sources. Moreover, one-step quarternary and tersiary co-doped graphene could be acheived using natural biomass. The prepared electrocatalysts using grape leaves and sulfur trioxide pyridine complex exhibit higher electrocatalytic performance as exampled which conducted the electrocatalyst in 4e- pathway and showed high stability in methanol solutions during the process, confirming their considerable potential to Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) as an electro-catalyst. Moreover, the onset potential of Gl300G-900 and GSP 900 (0.93 V vs RHE) is almost equal to the Pt/C 20 wt % (0.99 V vs RHE). These optimal prepared cathodes (Gl300G-900 and GSP 900) in the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) test lead to considerable power densities of 31.5 mW m-2 and 30.9.mW m-2, which are close to 38.6 mW m-2 for the Pt/C 20 wt % cathode.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Leila Samiee; Fatemeh Goodarzvand-Chegini; Esmaeil Ghasemikafrudi; Kazem Kashefi
Abstract
Some chemical processes, like the chlor-alkali industry, produce a considerable amount of hydrogen as by-product, which is wasted and vented to the atmosphere. Hydrogen waste can be recovered and utilized as a significant clean energy resource in the processes. This paper describes the thermodynamic ...
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Some chemical processes, like the chlor-alkali industry, produce a considerable amount of hydrogen as by-product, which is wasted and vented to the atmosphere. Hydrogen waste can be recovered and utilized as a significant clean energy resource in the processes. This paper describes the thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen recovery at an industrial chlor-alkali plant by installation of hydrogen boiler and alkaline fuel cell. In addition, emission reduction potentials for the proposed systems were estimated. However, the goal of this work is to analyze the techno-economic feasibility and environmental benefits of using utilization systems of hydrogen waste. The results showed that hydrogen boiler scenario could produce 28 ton/hr steam at pressure of 25 bar and temperature of 245 °C, whereas the alkaline fuel cell system could produce 7.65 MW of electricity as well as 3.83 m3/h of deionized water based on the whole surplus hydrogen. In comparison, the alkaline fuel cell scenario has negative IRR (Internal Return Rate) and NPV (Net Present Value) due to cheap electricity and high cost of capital investment. However, regarding the steam price, the hydrogen boiler project has reasonable economic parameters in terms of IRR and NPV. Therefore, the hydrogen recovery scenario is proposed to install a hydrogen boiler as a feasible and economic idea for steam production in our case. Furthermore, in terms of emission reduction, hydrogen boiler and alkaline fuel cell techniques can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emission by 49300 and 58800 tons/year, respectively, whereas other pollutants can also be reduced by 141 and 95 tons/year in hydrogen boiler and alkaline fuel cell scenarios, respectively.
