TY - JOUR ID - 88495 TI - Synthesis and Optimization Process of Ethylene Glycol-Based Biolubricant from Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) JO - Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment JA - JREE LA - en SN - 2423-5547 AU - Ibrahim Shaba, Mohammed AU - Mohammed, Aliyu AU - Solomon Musa, Dauda AU - Ayuba Audu, Balami AU - Baba Katamba, Yunusa AD - Department of Agricultural & Bioresources Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria Y1 - 2018 PY - 2018 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 9 KW - Biofuel KW - Biomass KW - Process Optimization KW - Palm kernel oil KW - Synthesis KW - Renewable Energy DO - 10.30501/jree.2018.88495 N2 - Internationally exploited lubricants are derived from coal and petroleum. Due to their high consumption and effects of their long-term pollution on the environment, it is imperative to use renewable and cheap feedstock for the synthesis of bio-based lubricants. This study presents the synthesis and optimization process of Ethylene Glycol (EG) based bio-lubricant from palm kernel oil. Palm Kernel Methyl Ester (PKME) was synthesized at a reaction time of 60 min, a molar ratio of oil: methanol 1:6, a temperature of 60 oC, and catalyst of 1 % wt/wt (in-situ transesterification) via reactive extraction. Box–Behnken design (BBD) in response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to this experimental layout. The effects of molar ratio, reaction time, and temperature on the synthesis of palm kernel biolubricant (PKBL) were evaluated. The PKBL structure was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS) analysis, showing favorable lubricating properties. The PKME yielded 94.53 wt% based on the weight of the oil, while transesterification of the in situ derived PKME with EG yielded 93.08 wt% of the EG ester (Biolubricant). The maximum biolubricant recovery was 81.48 wt% obtained at a molar ratio of 3:1, time of 2.48 h, and temperature of 135 oC. The temperature and mole ratio were established to be the most significant terms. PKBL characteristics conformed to ISO VG criteria and had high potential for biolubricant feedstock. UR - https://www.jree.ir/article_88495.html L1 - https://www.jree.ir/article_88495_d903b3e1bdd0b4ceb571f3eff1838d01.pdf ER -