Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment

Quarterly Publication

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Editorial Board

Journal Staff

Related Links

FAQ

Self-Archiving Policy

Paper Preparation Guide

Paper Template

Journal Forms

Reviewer

Peer Review Process

Development of the Low-Economic-Risk Microgrids to Establish Environmental-Friendly Industries

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Department of Renewable Energies and Environment, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 1439957131, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

As one of the main consumers of electricity, industries account for in releasing a large amount of emission. Using renewable energies to feed factories is not an easy task and they should be economically viable to compete with fossil fuels. The goal of this study is to analyze the possibilities of using energy local area networks in off-grid and on-grid modes in an industrial project by considering and calculating all primary and deferrable loads in detail for the first time. The industrial project is sensitive and all possibilities should be considered closely to avoid economic losses. In this case, changes in electrical loads during the project, degradation of components, environmental risks, and economic risks of the investment (for each scenario) are considered and determined too. The results indicate that component degradation can cause 24,000 kWh drop in total electricity production at the end of the project and the total biogas consumption increases from 742 kg/yr to 9330 kg/yr. The results also show that the on-gird scenario (solar/battery) with the Net Present Cost of 200,000$ will be an easy and low-risk choice for investment, but has high environmental risks. On the other hand, the stand-alone scenario (solar/wind/bio/battery) with Net Present Cost of 598,000$ minimizes the environmental risks at the expense of high investment risk. A proper comparison between the multi-year and single-year modes at the end of the project ensures the high accuracy of techno-economic analysis in terms of optimum system types, emissions, and economics.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
  1. Bukar, A.L. and Tan, C.W., "A review on stand-alone photovoltaic-wind energy system with fuel cell: System optimization and energy management strategy", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 221, (2019), 73-88. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.228).
  2. Akikur, R.K., Saidur, R., Ping, H.W. and Ullah, K.R., "Comparative study of stand-alone and hybrid solar energy systems suitable for off-grid rural electrification: A review", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", Vol. 27, (2013), 738-752. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.043).
  3. Haddad, A., Ramadan, M., Khaled, M., Ramadan, H. and Becherif, M., "Study of hybrid energy system coupling fuel cell, solar thermal system and photovoltaic cell", International Journal of Hydrogen, Vol. 45, No. 25, (2020), 13564-13574. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.06.019).
  4. Xu, X., Hu, W., Cao, D., Huang, Q., Chen, C. and Chen, Z., "Optimized sizing of a standalone PV-wind-hydropower station with pumped-storage installation hybrid energy system", Renewable Energy, Vol. 147, Part 1, (2020), 1418-1431. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.099).
  5. Ribó-Pérez, D., Herraiz-Cañete, Á., Alfonso-Solar, D., Vargas-Salgado, C. and Gómez-Navarro, T., "Modelling biomass gasifiers in hybrid renewable energy microgrids: A complete procedure for enabling gasifiers simulation in HOMER", Renewable Energy, Vol. 174, (2021), 501-512. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.04.083).
  6. Purlu, M., Beyarslan, S. and Turkay, B.E., "Optimal design of hybrid grid-connected microgrid with renewable energy and storage in a rural area in Turkey by using HOMER", Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO), IEEE, (2021), 263-267. (htttps://doi.org/10.23919/ELECO54474.2021.9677788).
  7. De la Cruz-Soto, J., Azkona-Bedia, I., Velazquez-Limon, N. and Romero-Castanon, T., "A techno-economic study for a hydrogen storage system in a microgrid located in baja California, Mexico. Levelized cost of energy for power to gas to power scenarios", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 47, No. 20, (2022), 30050-30061. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.03.026).
  8. Jahangir, M.H., Montazeri, M., Mousavi, S.A. and Kargarzadeh, A., "Reducing carbon emissions of industrial large livestock farms using hybrid renewable energy systems", Renewable Energy, Vol. 189, (2022), 52-65. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.02.022).
  9. Shakya, S.R., Bajracharya, I., Vaidya, R.A., Bhave, P., Sharma, A., Rupakheti, M. and Bajracharya, T.R., "Estimation of air pollutant emissions from captive diesel generators and its mitigation potential through microgrid and solar energy", Energy reports, Vol. 8, (2022), 3251-3262. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.02.084).
  10. Roth, A., Boix, M., Gerbaud, V., Montastruc, L. and Etur, P., "A flexible metamodel architecture for optimal design of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES)–Case study of a stand-alone HRES for a factory in Tropical Island", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 223, (2019), 214-225. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.095).
  11. Ogunjuyigbe, A. and Ayodele, T., "Techno-economic analysis of stand-alone hybrid energy system for Nigerian telecom industry", International Journal of Renewable Energy Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, (2016), 148-162. (https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJRET.2016.076089).
  12. Diab, F., Lan, H., Zhang, L. and Ali, S., "An environmentally friendly factory in Egypt based on hybrid photovoltaic/wind/diesel/battery system", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 112, Part 5, 3884-3894. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.008).
  13. Al-Ghussain, L., Ahmed, H. and Haneef, F., "Optimization of hybrid PV-wind system: Case study Al-Tafilah cement factory, Jordan", Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, Vol. 30, (2018), 24-36. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2018.08.008).
  14. Makhija, S.P. and Dubey, S., "Feasibility analysis of biomass-based grid-integrated and stand-alone hybrid energy systems for a cement plant in India", Environment, Development and Sustainability, Vol. 21, No. 2, (2019), 861-878. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-0064-0).
  15. Mirzaei, M. and Vahidi, B., "Feasibility analysis and optimal planning of renewable energy systems for industrial loads of a dairy factory in Tehran, Iran", Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 7, No. 6, (2015), 063114. (https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4936591).
  16. Shezan, S.A., Julai, S., Kibria, M., Ullah, K., Saidur, R., Chong, W. and Akikur, R., "Performance analysis of an off-grid wind-PV (photovoltaic)-diesel-battery hybrid energy system feasible for remote areas", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 125, 121-132. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.014).
  17. HOMER, Designing of the deferrable load, (2020). (https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro /docs/latest/deferrable_load.html), (Accessed 29 March 2020).
  18. Izadyar, N., Ong, H.C., Chong, W.T., Mojumder, J.C. and Leong, K., "Investigation of potential hybrid renewable energy at various rural areas in Malaysia", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 139, (2016), 61-73. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.167).
  19. Singh, A., Baredar, P. and Gupta, B., "Techno-economic feasibility analysis of hydrogen fuel cell and solar photovoltaic hybrid renewable energy system for academic research building", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 145, (2017), 398-414. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.05.014).
  20. Mandal, S., Das, B.K. and Hoque, N., "Optimum sizing of a stand-alone hybrid energy system for rural electrification in Bangladesh", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 200, (2018), 12-27. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.257).
  21. Zahboune, H., Zouggar, S., Krajacic, G., Varbanov, P.S., Elhafyani, M. and Ziani, E., "Optimal hybrid renewable energy design in autonomous system using Modified Electric System Cascade Analysis and Homer software", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 126, 909-922. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.08.061).
  22. Sarkar, T., Bhattacharjee, A., Samanta, H., Bhattacharya, K. and Saha, H., "Optimal design and implementation of solar PV-wind-biogas-VRFB storage integrated smart hybrid microgrid for ensuring zero loss of power supply probability", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 191, (2019), 102-118. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.04.025).
  23. Belfkira, R., Zhang, L. and Barakat, G., "Optimal sizing study of hybrid wind/PV/diesel power generation unit", Solar Energy, Vol. 85, No. 1, (2011), 100-110. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2010.10.018).
  24. Hanafizadeh, P., Eshraghi, J., Ahmadi, P. and Sattari, A., "Evaluation and sizing of a CCHP system for a commercial and office buildings", Journal of Building Engineering, Vol. 5, (2016), 67-78. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2015.11.003).
  25. Jahangir, M.H., Javanshir, F. and Kargarzadeh, A., "Economic analysis and optimal design of hydrogen/diesel backup system to improve energy hubs providing the demands of sport complexes", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 46. No. 27, (2021), 14109-14129. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.187).
  26. Halabi, L.M., Mekhilef, S., Olatomiwa, L. and Hazelton, J., "Performance analysis of hybrid PV/diesel/battery system using HOMER: A case study Sabah, Malaysia", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 144, (2017), 322-339. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.04.070).
  27. Poeschl, M., Ward, S. and Owende, P., "Prospects for expanded utilization of biogas in Germany", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 14, No. 7, (2010), 1782-1797. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.04.010).
  28. IRENA, Biogas Cost Reductions to Boost Sustainable Transport, (2017). (https://www.irena.org/newsroom/articles/2017/Mar/Biogas-Cost-Reductions-to-Boost-Sustainable-Transport), (Accessed 7 April 2020).
  29. Taban, e.d.c., PERC Mono Crystalline 72 Cell Module, (2019). (https://tabanenergy.ir/wp-content/pdf/catalogue5BB-Mono-Feb2019.pdf), (Accessed 16 April 2020).
  30. Mohammadi, M., Ghasempour, R., Astaraei, F.R., Ahmadi, E., Aligholian, A. and Toopshekan, A., "Optimal planning of renewable energy resource for a residential house considering economic and reliability criteria", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 96, 261-273. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2017.10.017).
  31. Rad, M.A.V., Ghasempour, R., Rahdan, P., Mousavi, S. and Arastounia, M., "Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid power system based on the cost-effective hydrogen production method for rural electrification, a case study in Iran", Energy, Vol. 190, (2020), 116421. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116421).
  32. Li, C., Zhou, D. and Zheng, Y., "Techno-economic comparative study of grid-connected PV power systems in five climate zones, China", Energy, Vol. 165, Part B, (2018), 1352-1369. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.062).
  33. Gökçek, M., "Integration of hybrid power (wind-photovoltaic-diesel-battery) and seawater reverse osmosis systems for small-scale desalination applications", Desalination, Vol. 435, (2018), 210-220. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2017.07.006).
  34. Aziz, A.S., Tajuddin, M.F.N., Adzman, M.R., Azmi, A. and Ramli, M.A., "Optimization and sensitivity analysis of standalone hybrid energy systems for rural electrification: A case study of Iraq", Renewable Energy, Vol. 138, 775-792. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.004).
  35. Shahzad, M.K., Zahid, A., ur Rashid, T., Rehan, M.A., Ali, M. and Ahmad, M., "Techno-economic feasibility analysis of a solar-biomass off grid system for the electrification of remote rural areas in Pakistan using HOMER software", Renewable Energy, Vol. 106, 264-273. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.01.033).

 

 

 

Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment
Volume 10, Issue 2
May 2023
Pages 108-124
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 26 February 2022
  • Revise Date: 18 June 2022
  • Accept Date: 29 June 2022
Share
How to cite
Statistics