Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment

Quarterly Publication

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Editorial Board

Journal Staff

Related Links

FAQ

Self-Archiving Policy

Paper Preparation Guide

Paper Template

Journal Forms

Reviewer

Peer Review Process

Mitigating Energy Consumption of Educational Buildings Using a Novel Simulation Method (Case Study: Faculty of Oil and Petrochemical Engineering, Razi University, Iran)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

2 Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

Abstract

In many middle- and high-income countries, existing buildings will occupy the majority of building areas by 2050 and measures are needed to upgrade the mentioned buildings for a sustainable transition. This research proposes a method to mitigate the energy consumption of existing educational buildings using four energy efficiency measures (EEMs). The proposed method divides simulations into two main parts: simulations with and without using heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Four passive EEMs are used, including window replacement, proposed shading devices, new insulations, and installing a new partition wall for the entrance part of the building. This research uses a simulation-based method to examine the effect of each EEM on the energy consumption of the building using DesignBuilder software. The steps of data collection and modeling in this research include collecting raw data related to the physical characteristics of the building experimentally and creating a basic model. Afterwards, simulation scenarios were defined based on the proposed method, and several simulations were carried out to examine the impact of each EEM on the energy performance of the building. Two environmental parameters of the simulation process, including indoor air temperature (IAT) and relative humidity (RH), were used. The measures reduced the heating and cooling demands in the building by 80.14 % and 15.70 %, respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that the total energy consumption of the building were reduced by 10.44 % after retrofitting measures.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
  1. Ahmadi, N., Rezazadeh, S., Dadvand, A., & Mirzaee, I. (2015). Numerical investigation of the effect of gas diffusion layer with semicircular prominences on polymer exchange membrane fuel cell performance and species distribution. Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment (JREE), 2(2), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.30501/jree.2015.70069
  2. Ahmed, W., & Asif, M. (2020). BIM-based techno-economic assessment of energy retrofitting residential buildings in hot humid climate. Energy and Buildings, 227, 110406. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110406
  3. Ahmed, W., & Asif, M. (2021). A critical review of energy retrofitting trends in residential buildings with particular focus on the GCC countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 144, 111000. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111000
  4. Alah Rezazadeh, S., Mirzaie, I., Pourmahmoud, N., & Ahmadi, N. (2014). Three dimensional computational fluid dynamics analysis of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment (JREE), 1(1), 30-42. https://doi.org/10.30501/jree.2014.70054
  5. Alazazmeh, A., & Asif, M. (2021). Commercial building retrofitting: Assessment of improvements in energy performance and indoor air quality. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 26, 100946. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.100946
  6. Amani, N., & Reza Soroush, A.A. (2021). Energy consumption management of commercial buildings by optimizing the angle of solar panels. Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment (JREE), 8(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.30501/jree.2020.241836.1134
  7. Ascione, F., Bianco, N., De Masi, R.F., Mauro, G.M., & Vanoli, G.P. (2017). Energy retrofit of educational buildings: Transient energy simulations, model calibration and multi-objective optimization towards nearly zero-energy performance. Energy and Buildings, 144, 303-319. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.056
  8. Ascione, F., Bianco, N., Mauro, G.M., & Napolitano, D.F. (2021). Knowledge and energy retrofitting of neighborhoods and districts. A comprehensive approach coupling geographical information systems, building simulations and optimization engines. Energy Conversion and Management, 230, 113786. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113786
  9. ASHARE. (2013). ASHRAE Standard 55-2010: Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers, ASHRAE Sta. https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/bookstore/standard-55-thermal-environmental-conditions-for-human-occupancy
  10. Bagheri, F., Mokarizadeh, V., & Jabbar, M. (2013). Developing energy performance label for office buildings in Iran. Energy and Buildings, 61, 116-124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.02.022
  11. Chien, F., Ajaz, T., Andlib, Z., Chau, K.Y., Ahmad, P., & Sharif, A. (2021). The role of technology innovation, renewable energy and globalization in reducing environmental degradation in Pakistan: A step towards sustainable environment. Renewable Energy, 177, 308-317. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.101
  12. Dabaieh, M., & Elbably, A. (2015). Ventilated trombe wall as a passive solar heating and cooling retrofitting approach; A low-tech design for off-grid settlements in semi-arid climates. Solar Energy, 122, 820-833. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.10.005
  13. Dabaieh, M., Makhlouf, N.N., & Hosny, O.M. (2016). Roof top PV retrofitting: A rehabilitation assessment towards nearly zero energy buildings in remote off-grid vernacular settlements in Egypt. Solar Energy, 123, 160-173. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.11.005
  14. Dall’O’, G., Galante, A., & Pasetti, G. (2012). A methodology for evaluating the potential energy savings of retrofitting residential building stocks. Sustainable Cities and Society, 4, 12-21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2012.01.004
  15. El-Darwish, I., & Gomaa, M. (2017). Retrofitting strategy for building envelopes to achieve energy efficiency. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 56(4), 579-589. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.05.011
  16. Gui, X., Gou, Z., & Lu, Y. (2021). Reducing university energy use beyond energy retrofitting: The academic calendar impacts. Energy and Buildings, 231, 110647. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110647
  17. Heidari, A., Taghipour, M., & Yarmahmoodi, Z. (2021). The effect of fixed external shading devices on daylighting and thermal comfort in residential building. Journal of Daylighting, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.15627/JD.2021.15
  18. Hirvonen, J., Heljo, J., Jokisalo, J., Kurvinen, A., Saari, A., Niemelä, T., Sankelo, P., & Kosonen, R. (2021). Emissions and power demand in optimal energy retrofit scenarios of the Finnish building stock by 2050. Sustainable Cities and Society, 70, 102896. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102896
  19. Huang, H., Binti Wan Mohd Nazi, W.I., Yu, Y., & Wang, Y. (2020). Energy performance of a high-rise residential building retrofitted to passive building standard – A case study. Applied Thermal Engineering, 181, 115902. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115902
  20. Huang, Y., Niu, J., & Chung, T. (2013). Study on performance of energy-efficient retrofitting measures on commercial building external walls in cooling-dominant cities. Applied Energy, 103, 97-108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.09.003
  21. Jafari, A., & Valentin, V. (2017). An optimization framework for building energy retrofits decision-making. Building and Environment, 115, 118-129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.01.020
  22. Jami, S., Forouzandeh, N., Zomorodian, Z.S., Tahsildoost, M., & Khoshbakht, M. (2021). The effect of occupant behaviors on energy retrofit: A case study of student dormitories in Tehran. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123556. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123556
  23. Kadrić, D., Aganovic, A., Martinović, S., Delalić, N., & Delalić-Gurda, B. (2022). Cost-related analysis of implementing energy-efficient retrofit measures in the residential building sector of a middle-income country – A case study of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Energy and Buildings, 257, 111765. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111765
  24. Li, Q., Zhang, L., Zhang, L., & Wu, X. (2021). Optimizing energy efficiency and thermal comfort in building green retrofit. Energy, 237, 121509. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121509
  25. Liu, L., Rohdin, P., & Moshfegh, B. (2015). Evaluating indoor environment of a retrofitted multi-family building with improved energy performance in Sweden. Energy and Buildings, 102, 32-44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.05.021
  26. Lolli, N., Nocente, A., Brozovsky, J., Woods, R., & Grynning, S. (2019). Automatic vs manual control strategy for window blinds and ceiling lights: consequences to perceived visual and thermal discomfort. Journal of Daylighting, 6, 112-123. https://doi.org/10.15627/jd.2019.11
  27. Lu, Y., Li, P., Lee, Y.P., & Song, X. (2021). An integrated decision-making framework for existing building retrofits based on energy simulation and cost-benefit analysis. Journal of Building Engineering, 43, 103200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103200
  28. Magnani, N., Carrosio, G., & Osti, G. (2020). Energy retrofitting of urban buildings: A socio-spatial analysis of three mid-sized Italian cities. Energy Policy, 139, 111341. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111341
  29. Maleki, A., & Dehghan, N. (2021). Optimum characteristics of windows in an office building in Isfahan for save energy and preserve visual comfort. Journal of Daylighting, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.15627/JD.2021.18
  30. Mata, É., Kalagasidis, A.S., & Johnsson, F. (2018). Contributions of building retrofitting in five member states to EU targets for energy savings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 93, 759-774. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.05.014
  31. Mejjaouli, S., & Alzahrani, M. (2020). Decision-making model for optimum energy retrofitting strategies in residential buildings. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 24, 211-218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.07.008
  32. Moshiri, S., Atabi, F., Panjehshahi, M.H., & Lechtenböehmer, S. (2012). Long run energy demand in Iran: A scenario analysis. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 6(1), 120-144. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506221211216571
  33. Ozarisoy, B., & Altan, H. (2021). A novel methodological framework for the optimisation of post-war social housing developments in the South-Eastern Mediterranean climate: Policy design and life-cycle cost impact analysis of retrofitting strategies. Solar Energy, 225, 517-560. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.07.008
  34. Pazouki, M., Rezaie, K., & Bozorgi-Amiri, A. (2021). A fuzzy robust multi-objective optimization model for building energy retrofit considering utility function: A university building case study. Energy and Buildings, 241, 110933. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110933
  35. Piccardo, C., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., & Tettey, U. (2020). Retrofitting with different building materials: Life-cycle primary energy implications. Energy, 192, 116648. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116648
  36. Pungercar, V., Zhan, Q., Xiao, Y., Musso, F., Dinkel, A., & Pflug, T. (2021). A new retrofitting strategy for the improvement of indoor environment quality and energy efficiency in residential buildings in temperate climate using prefabricated elements. Energy and Buildings, 241, 110951. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110951
  37. Qu, K., Chen, X., Wang, Y., Calautit, J., Riffat, S., & Cui, X. (2021). Comprehensive energy, economic and thermal comfort assessments for the passive energy retrofit of historical buildings - A case study of a late nineteenth-century Victorian house renovation in the UK. Energy, 220, 119646. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119646
  38. Rabani, M., Bayera Madessa, H., Mohseni, O., & Nord, N. (2020). Minimizing delivered energy and life cycle cost using graphical script: An office building retrofitting case. Applied Energy, 268, 114929. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114929
  39. Serrano-Jiménez, A., Lizana, J., Molina-Huelva, M., & Barrios-Padura, Á. (2019). Decision-support method for profitable residential energy retrofitting based on energy-related occupant behaviour. Journal of Cleaner Production, 222, 622-632. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.089
  40. Song, X., Ye, C., Li, H., Wang, X., & Ma, W. (2017). Field study on energy economic assessment of office buildings envelope retrofitting in southern China. Sustainable Cities and Society, 28, 154-161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2016.08.029
  41. Sun, H., Heng, C.K., Reindl, T., & Lau, S.S.Y. (2021). Visual impact assessment of coloured building-integrated photovoltaics on retrofitted building facades using saliency mapping. Solar Energy, 228, 643-658. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.09.087
  42. Tahsildoost, M., & Zomorodian, Z.S. (2015). Energy retrofit techniques: An experimental study of two typical school buildings in Tehran. Energy and Buildings, 104, 65-72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.06.079
  43. Thomsen, K.E., Rose, J., Mørck, O., Jensen, S.Ø., Østergaard, I., Knudsen, H.N., & Bergsøe, N.C. (2016). Energy consumption and indoor climate in a residential building before and after comprehensive energy retrofitting. Energy and Buildings, 123, 8-16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.04.049
  44. Torabi Moghadam, S., & Lombardi, P. (2019). An interactive multi-criteria spatial decision support system for energy retrofitting of building stocks using CommuntiyVIZ to support urban energy planning. Building and Environment, 163, 106233. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106233
  45. Urbikain, M.K. (2020). Energy efficient solutions for retrofitting a residential multi-storey building with vacuum insulation panels and low-E windows in two European climates. Journal of Cleaner Production, 269, 121459. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121459
  46. Wang, Q., & Holmberg, S. (2015). A methodology to assess energy-demand savings and cost effectiveness of retrofitting in existing Swedish residential buildings. Sustainable Cities and Society, 14, 254-266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2014.10.002
  47. Wang, Z., Liu, X., Deng, G., Shen, H., & Xu, Z. (2021). A framework for retrofitting existing houses to nearly zero energy buildings: Development and a real-life case study. Energy and Buildings, 252, 111438. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111438
  48. Yang, S., Cho, H.M., Yun, B.Y., Hong, T., & Kim, S. (2021). Energy usage and cost analysis of passive thermal retrofits for low-rise residential buildings in Seoul. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 151, 111617. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111617
  49. Zhou, Z., Zhang, S., Wang, C., Zuo, J., He, Q., & Rameezdeen, R. (2016). Achieving energy efficient buildings via retrofitting of existing buildings: A case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 3605-3615. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.046
  50. Zomorodian, M., & Nasrollahi, F. (2013). Architectural design optimization of school buildings for reduction of energy demand in hot and dry climates of Iran. International Journal of Architectural Engineering & Urban Planning, 23, 41-50. http://ijaup.iust.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.html

 

 

 

Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment
Volume 10, Issue 3
August 2023
Pages 13-28
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 28 June 2022
  • Revise Date: 16 August 2022
  • Accept Date: 28 August 2022
Share
How to cite
Statistics