Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Gokul Raghavendra Srinivasan; Aditya Mahajan; Rajiv Seth; Rakesh Mahajan
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the role of characterized hydrocarbons in thermally cracked shell liquid in determining its overall fuel properties and combustion characteristics in a CI engine. For this purpose, waste shell liquid was extracted from waste cashew nut shell by means of cold extraction ...
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The present study aims to explore the role of characterized hydrocarbons in thermally cracked shell liquid in determining its overall fuel properties and combustion characteristics in a CI engine. For this purpose, waste shell liquid was extracted from waste cashew nut shell by means of cold extraction technique using a simple electrically operated mechanical screw press, which reported maximum extractable oil content as 17.7%. In addition, it was thermally cracked at 350-400oC using conventional heating for both lab-scale and pilot-scale extraction. Based on its chemical composition, raw shell liquid contained anacardic acid and cardol, while thermally cracked shell liquid had cresol and methyl oleate as their dominant hydrocarbon compounds. Their composition was found to be 51.84%, 33.68%, 43.87%, and 28.49%, respectively. According to their contribution, both cyclic and aromatic as well as linear-chained hydrocarbons exhibited significant effect on the fuel properties of the cracked shell liquid, with carbon atoms contributing to its physical and thermal properties, whereas cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons enhance its flow characteristics. Next, neat and blend samples of this cracked shell liquid with petro diesel reported higher peak in-cylinder pressure by 5.6% (on average) due to the presence of fatty acid esters, which induced early ignition and provided sufficient time for combustion. Meanwhile, higher emission levels were attributed by both cyclic and aromatic and linear-chained hydrocarbons, citing aromaticity and unsaturation in their molecules, which also resulted in reduced thermal efficiencies by 12.5% (on average), upon accounting for their inferior calorific content. In conclusion, it is evident that hydrocarbons in these treated shell liquids play a significant role in their fuel properties and engine characteristics.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Economics, Policies and Planning
Mohammad Hossein Jahangir; Arash Kargarzadeh; Mohammad Montazeri
Abstract
Industries as one of the main consumers of electricity have high position in releasing large amount of emissions. Using renewable energies to feed factories is not an easy task and they should be economically viable to compete with fossil fuels. The goal of this study is to analyze the possibilities ...
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Industries as one of the main consumers of electricity have high position in releasing large amount of emissions. Using renewable energies to feed factories is not an easy task and they should be economically viable to compete with fossil fuels. The goal of this study is to analyze the possibilities of using energy local area networks in off-grid and on-grid modes in an industrial project by considering and calculating all primary and deferrable loads in details for the first time. The industrial project is sensitive and all possibilities should be considered closely to avoid economic losses. In this case, changes in electrical loads during the project, degradation of components, environmental risks and economic risks of the investment (for each scenario) are considered and determined too. The results of the research indicate that components degradation can cause 24,000 kWh drop in total electricity production at the end of the project and the total biogas consumption increases from 742 kg/yr to 9330 kg/yr. The results also show that the on-gird scenario (solar/battery) with the Net Present Cost of 200,000$ will be an easy and low risk choice for investment but has high environmental risks. On the other hand, the stand-alone scenario (solar/wind /bio/battery) with Net Present Cost of 598,000$ minimize the environmental risks at the expense of high risk of investment. Comparing multi-year mode with the single-year mode at the end of the project, makes the increased accuracy of the techno-economic analysis in terms of optimum system types, emissions and economics clear.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Abir Hmida; Abdelghafour Lamrani; Mamdouh El Haj Assad; Yashar Aryanfar; Jorge Luis Garcia Alcaraz
Abstract
Around the globe, a 60 % increase in energy demand is predicted to occur by the end of the year 2030 due to the ever-increasing population and development. With a registered temperature up to 50 °C in August 2020, which is classified as one of the hottest regions in the world, the demand for cool ...
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Around the globe, a 60 % increase in energy demand is predicted to occur by the end of the year 2030 due to the ever-increasing population and development. With a registered temperature up to 50 °C in August 2020, which is classified as one of the hottest regions in the world, the demand for cool temperatures in Gabes-Tunisia to achieve the thermal comfort of people ensuring the product storage has become more and more intense. Removing heat from buildings represents the most extensive energy consumption process. In this paper, an absorption-refrigeration system driven by solar energy is proposed. A parametric simulation model is developed based on the TRNSYS platform. A comparison between different models for global radiation calculation and experimental meteorological data was carried out. It has been proven that the Brinchambaut model seems to be the most convenient in describing the real global radiation, with an error of up to 3.16 %. An area of 22 m² of evacuated tube solar collector ensures the proper functioning of the generator and achieves a temperature up to 2 °C in the cold room.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Economics, Policies and Planning
Ritu Jain; Vasundhara Mahajan
Abstract
In this study, energy management of grid-connected Multi-Microgrid (MMG) is performed through joint optimization of the energy and ancillary service market. The test system comprises the IEEE 30 bus system as the main grid and the 16-bus system as an MMG. The MMG is comprised of dispatchable and non-dispatchable ...
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In this study, energy management of grid-connected Multi-Microgrid (MMG) is performed through joint optimization of the energy and ancillary service market. The test system comprises the IEEE 30 bus system as the main grid and the 16-bus system as an MMG. The MMG is comprised of dispatchable and non-dispatchable generation and loads. The non-dispatchable generators are based on renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar and wind. The uncertainty modeling for wind and solar is performed by Weibull and beta probability distribution function. The strategic integration of RES helps MMG deliver both energy and ancillary services to the utility grid. This research aims to reduce the total energy cost while reducing reserve cost by maximizing the use of RES under normal operation and during contingency conditions. It is observed that if MMG is incorporated into the system, then the total generation cost, reserve cost, and power losses are reduced to 0.11%, 0.325%, and 1.201%, respectively, in normal operating conditions. Under contingency, when Generator 5 is out of service and the main grid is operating alone, the total generation cost increased significantly from 22118.92 $ day-1 to 22435.68 $ day-1 and the real power loss increased from 233.35 MW day-1 to 245.11 MW day-1. However, by interconnecting MMG with the main grid, generation cost and power loss get reduced to 22375.60 $ day-1 and 243.35 MW day-1, respectively. It is analyzed that participation of MMG provides techno-economic benefits during normal operation and contingency conditions.
Technical Note
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Fatemeh Norouzi; Morteza Hosseinpour; Saeed Talebi
Abstract
In this paper, an industrial dairy farm unit was taken as a case study to carry out the applicable technical assessment for the construction of a biogas plant using a combined heat and power (CHP) unit. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was applied to examine the effectiveness of the operational parameters ...
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In this paper, an industrial dairy farm unit was taken as a case study to carry out the applicable technical assessment for the construction of a biogas plant using a combined heat and power (CHP) unit. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was applied to examine the effectiveness of the operational parameters and feed composition in the purity and production rate of biogas. Aspen Plus was used to implement the anaerobic digestion process. The results showed that any increase in the digester’s operational performance and mass rate of feedstock water led to the modification of biomethane content, but dropped in biogas mass flow rate. Moreover, an increase in the mass rate of carbohydrates, protein, and organic load rate (OLR) of feedstock reduces methane composition. Besides, increasing the rate of lipids has raised the rate of methane production and its composition.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Soheil Fathi; Abbas Mahravan
Abstract
In many middle- and high-income countries, existing buildings will occupy the majority of building areas by 2050 and measures are needed to upgrade the mentioned buildings for a sustainable transition. This research proposes a method to mitigate the energy consumption of existing educational buildings ...
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In many middle- and high-income countries, existing buildings will occupy the majority of building areas by 2050 and measures are needed to upgrade the mentioned buildings for a sustainable transition. This research proposes a method to mitigate the energy consumption of existing educational buildings using four energy efficiency measures (EEMs). The proposed method divides simulations into two main parts: simulations with and without using heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Four passive EEMs are used, including window replacement, proposed shading devices, new insulations, and installing a new partition wall for the entrance part of the building. This research uses a simulation-based method to examine the effect of each EEM on the energy consumption of the building using DesignBuilder software. The steps of data collection and modeling in this research include collecting raw data related to the physical characteristics of the building experimentally and creating a basic model. Afterwards, simulation scenarios were defined based on the proposed method, and several simulations were carried out to examine the impact of each EEM on the energy performance of the building. Two environmental parameters of the simulation process, including indoor air temperature (IAT) and relative humidity (RH), were used. The measures reduced the heating and cooling demands in the building by 80.14% and 15.70%, respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that the total energy consumption of the building were reduced by 10.44% after retrofitting measures.
Research Article
Environmental Impacts and Sustainability
Mohammad Javad Amiri; Ali Sayyadi
Abstract
The rising temperature of the earth's surface and the formation of heat islands in megacities have become two of the biggest environmental threats. This compound problem affects urban climatology, including urban vegetation and air pollution, human health, and the environment, including the group of ...
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The rising temperature of the earth's surface and the formation of heat islands in megacities have become two of the biggest environmental threats. This compound problem affects urban climatology, including urban vegetation and air pollution, human health, and the environment, including the group of vulnerable members of the society and public health, leading to the growing death rate. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the leading causes of temperature changes and the development of a thermal island in the city of Tehran following the expansion of this metropolis in recent decades. This research uses thermal remote sensing and GIS techniques to analyze information from Landsat satellite images in (TM-ETM-TIRS) sensors from 1984 to 2020. The results of the research indicated that the surface temperature of the city of Tehran during the years 1984 to 1996, 1998 to 2008, and 2010 to 2020 experienced a relative increase in the summer and winter seasons. In the first decade, the average temperature of the green layer was -7, while the temperature of the magenta and red layers were 20 and 25 degrees, respectively. In the second decade, the average temperatures of the green and dark green classes were -1 and 3 while they were 23 and 27 degrees for the magenta and red classes, respectively. In the third decade, the average temperatures of the green and dark green classes were -1 and 3, and thost of the magenta and red layers increased to 28 and 31 degrees, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of vegetation cover based on the NDVI index pointed to the continuing reduction of vegetation in the studied years. Regarding the direct correlation between the heat island and vegetation and the concentration of the heat island in the city center, further measures must be taken and the vegetation cover should be increased to reduce the heat island. The city center needs to be decentralized as part of the remedy via proper urban design and planning.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Majid Zarezadeh
Abstract
In this study, besides examining the conditions in the coastal region of Bandar Abbas, the feasibility of using Archimedes torsional turbines to produce renewable energy in this region was studied via field measurement and numerical simulation. Through field study and environmental conditions, depth, ...
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In this study, besides examining the conditions in the coastal region of Bandar Abbas, the feasibility of using Archimedes torsional turbines to produce renewable energy in this region was studied via field measurement and numerical simulation. Through field study and environmental conditions, depth, and amount of vessel traffic were measured. Then,the safe depth was calculated. Through field measurement of the current pattern, effective parameters such as salinity, electrical conductivity, and density were measured and in order to develop the results using numerical simulation with ROMS numerical model, the hydrodynamic pattern of the current for the desired area was formed. After reviewing the results through SOLVER program and linear programming method and creating effective constraints in field monitoring, The optimal energy efficiency of Archimedes torsional was turbines investigated for different incline relative to beneath and angular velocities. The results of the research and simulation demonstrated that changing the tilt of the vertical axis of the turbine between the angles of 5 degrees and 15 degrees would lead to a change in the efficiency of the Archimedes turbine. The optimal efficiency value, 75%, was at an angle of 15 degrees, and a turbine rotation speed of 150 rpm is the highest efficiency. This is an acceptable result considering the low slope of the studied area.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Morteza Hosseinpour; Ali Nazari; Mahdi Rezaei
Abstract
In this study, the effect of digestate treatment after anaerobic digestion (AD) process in two scenarios have been analyzed for an industrial diary unit in the United States. The first scenario involves production of liquid fertilizer and compost while the other scenario lacks from such treatment process. ...
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In this study, the effect of digestate treatment after anaerobic digestion (AD) process in two scenarios have been analyzed for an industrial diary unit in the United States. The first scenario involves production of liquid fertilizer and compost while the other scenario lacks from such treatment process. Aspen Plus has been used to simulate the AD process and assessment of general properties of biogas and digestate. The results of technical analysis show insignificant change in the net power production from the CHP unit in scenario 1. The economic analysis, however, indicates the necessity of digestate treatment for AD systems to be profitable. Furthermore, the results of environmental analysis indicate the mitigation of about 93.4 kilotonnes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in scenario 1, while an AD the scenario 2 saves only 12 kilotonnes of GHG emissions. In other words, digestate treatment has a more significant environmental impact than the power production and its profitability from CHP unit. The reason could be attributed to the enormous consumption of energy during production of chemical fertilizers where digestate treatment process (scenario 1) offsets the utilization of chemical fertilizers in agriculture industry.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Economics, Policies and Planning
Zeinab Ghasemi Sangi; Abbas Tarkashvand; Hanieh Sanaeian
Abstract
The height of buildings is one of the main features of urban configuration that affects energy consumption. However, to our knowledge, the complexity of relationships between the height parameters and energy use in urban blocks is poorly understood. In this context, the present study investigates the ...
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The height of buildings is one of the main features of urban configuration that affects energy consumption. However, to our knowledge, the complexity of relationships between the height parameters and energy use in urban blocks is poorly understood. In this context, the present study investigates the effect of the height distribution of buildings located in a residential complex on the energy consumption required for cooling and heating. This research simulates different possible layouts through computational software. For this purpose, first, the density of a residential complex was determined based on the rules and regulations of Tehran city and according to the site dimensions and certain site coverage. Then, the required building density was distributed in different layouts based on their diversity at different heights. The product of this stage involved 7 different layouts in which the height varied from 1 floor to the maximum number calculated in each part of the simulation. In the next step, the annual energy consumption for cooling and heating the complex was calculated for each of these layouts and compared with each other. The parametric generative model was created in the Grasshopper plugin from Rhino software, and the energy consumption was evaluated with the Honeybee plugin over one year. Also, the research findings were validated through DesignBuilder software using the EnergyPlus engine. The results of the energy simulation indicate that the height distribution of the blocks can have a significant effect on energy consumption. In the optimal case, proper layout reduces the annual cooling and heating energy consumption by 28% and 13%, respectively. Therefore, achieving an optimal value for each of the cooling and heating loads depends on the specific priorities and conditions of the design project. If the design project's priority is to reduce heating energy consumption, increasing the height and distributing the floors evenly between the blocks is a better answer. However, if the priority is to mitigate cooling energy consumption, the optimal layout can include low-rise blocks and a single very high-rise block.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Payam Ghorbannezhad; Behnam Dehbandi; Imtiaz Ali
Abstract
Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is recognized as a valuable product of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) derived from cellulosic materials as an abundant renewable source. It could find future bioplastic application if a feasible separation process is developed. To find a commercially available solvent, FDCA ...
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Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is recognized as a valuable product of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) derived from cellulosic materials as an abundant renewable source. It could find future bioplastic application if a feasible separation process is developed. To find a commercially available solvent, FDCA should be selectively separated from HMF and the downstream process be supported by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry experiments in line with density functional theory (DFT). Evaluation of the sigma potential and sigma surface analysis demonstrated that benzene and ethyl acetate enjoyed better extraction and HMF selectivity, whereas FDCA exhibited ideal behavior in the presence of DMF and DMSO solvents. It was proved that the hydrophobicity could be changed by improving the hydrogen-bonding interaction between them. Moreover, the up-down selection of classes of solvents based on the experimental data found by GC-MS revealed that polar molecular solvents (ethanol-water) were more compatible with carboxylic acids and alcohol compounds, while n-hexane was a desirable solvent for phenolic compounds. It was found that levoglucosan retained a significant fraction of water compared to other solvents, which need to be considered for further economic and environmental analysis under the multifaceted framework of biomass-derived products.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Economics, Policies and Planning
Nur Aini; Widi Hastomo; Ratna Yulika Go
Abstract
The percentage of production and utilization of hydrocarbon resources from the livestock sector has raised concerns regarding the worldwide issue of global warming. A total CH4 emissions 78.3% from enteric fermentation and waste management. Meanwhile, N2O emissions are 75–80% of total agricultural ...
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The percentage of production and utilization of hydrocarbon resources from the livestock sector has raised concerns regarding the worldwide issue of global warming. A total CH4 emissions 78.3% from enteric fermentation and waste management. Meanwhile, N2O emissions are 75–80% of total agricultural emissions. This raises questions about the extent of global warming due to increased CO2 resulting in changes in weather and global warming. This research is aimed to predict Green House Gas (GHG) emissions from manure management and present policy alternatives for Indonesian livestock development. Secondary data is taken from fao.org with coverage throughout Indonesia from 1961 to 2021, containing 12,480 rows and 5 column features; item, Element, Year, Unit, and Value emission. LSTM and GRU are used to predict emission trends from manure management to provide alternative policies for greenhouse gas mitigation in Indonesia. The results showed that from a total of 15 types of livestock that emit GHG emissions, 3 types of livestock produce the highest emissions from 1961 to 2021: (a) Cattle, (b) Cattle, and non-dairy (c) Poultry birds. Significant reductions in carbon dioxide equivalent(CO2eq) emissions in 2020 are indicated by reduced public consumption, and hampered supply chains with large-scale social restrictions (covid-19 pandemic policy). Based on these results. the policy CO2eq emission mitigation is during the storage of manure, which leads to more sustainable fertilizer management practices. Mitigation to reduce methane emissions can also be done by utilizing livestock waste as biogas and improving animal feed additives using chitosan or potassium nitrate.
Research Article
Advanced Energy Technologies
Mina Bahraminasab; Hamed Moqtaderi; Atiyeh Kiaeinejad
Abstract
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) represent an environmentally-friendly approach to generating electricity, but the need to study variation parameters to find improvement conditions has been an important challenge for decades. In this study, a single-chamber MFC was designed to investigate the key parameters ...
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Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) represent an environmentally-friendly approach to generating electricity, but the need to study variation parameters to find improvement conditions has been an important challenge for decades. In this study, a single-chamber MFC was designed to investigate the key parameters such as the concentration and type of bacteria, chamber temperature, electrode spacing, and substrate rotation speed that affected the performance of MFCs. Therefore, two types of bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis (S.one) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), were compared as microorganisms. Then, the function of MFC was investigated under the following condition: three temperatures (30 ℃, 45℃, and 60℃), three bacterial concentrations (0.5% (v/v) (4.5 mg/ml), 1% (v/v) (9mg/ml), and 1.5% (v/v) (13.5mg/ml)), electrode distances (2 cm, 3 cm, 4cm), and substrate speeds (100 rpm, 150 rpm, 200 rpm). Ultimately, (S.one) bacteria, a chamber temperature of 45 ℃, a bacterial concentration of 1% (v/v) (9mg/ml), a cathode-anode spacing of 3 cm, and a rotation speed of 150 rpm proved to be the most efficient parameter settings for the constructed microbial fuel cell. The maximum voltage and highest power density were 486.9 mV and 9.73 mW/ , respectively, with a resistance of 7500 ohms. These results are meaningful for determining and improving important parameters in an MFC device.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Mohammed Ali Sami Mahmood; Sergei Kuzmin
Abstract
Solar Organic Rankine Cycle (SORC) is a successful approach to sustainable development and exploiting clean energy sources. The research aims to improve and evaluate the energy efficiency of the SORC for combined heat and power generation for a residential home under the climatic conditions of Baghdad, ...
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Solar Organic Rankine Cycle (SORC) is a successful approach to sustainable development and exploiting clean energy sources. The research aims to improve and evaluate the energy efficiency of the SORC for combined heat and power generation for a residential home under the climatic conditions of Baghdad, Iraq. Thermoeconomic analysis was carried out for the proposed energy supply system. Refrigerant HFC-245fa was used as a working fluid in a solar organic Rankine cycle, and oil poly alkyl benzene (TLV-330) was suggested as a heat transfer fluid in the solar collector field. Parametric studies for some key parameters were conducted to examine the impact of various operating conditions on energy efficiency. The results showed a significant improvement in energy efficiency. The maximum efficiency of SORC CHPG reached 79.14% when solar heat source temperatures were in the range of 100 to 150°C and the solar radiation was at a maximum value of 870 W/m2 at noon on the 15th day of July in Baghdad. The maximum energy produced by SORC CHPG was 472.5 kW when the optimal average value of global solar radiation was 7.5 kWh/m2/day in June. The economic investigations revealed that the payback period of the new energy supply system was 10 years with the positive net present cost when the solar power plant was working 18 h/day.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Ararsa Derese Seboka; Fiseha Bekele Teshome; Motuma Tolera Feyissa
Abstract
This study was conducted in the Loka Abaya District of Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia to assess the environmental impacts of biomass energy production with particular emphasis on charcoal and firewood. The data collection was undertaken using the questionnaire survey administered to 186 randomly selected ...
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This study was conducted in the Loka Abaya District of Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia to assess the environmental impacts of biomass energy production with particular emphasis on charcoal and firewood. The data collection was undertaken using the questionnaire survey administered to 186 randomly selected households. This task was followed by key informant interviews and an analysis of the literature. The sampled households produced 208 432.9 kg firewood yr-1 for domestic consumption and 261 039.8 kg charcoal yr-1 for sale in town. 2.3x10-6 km2 of the forest is cleared to produce a single sack of charcoal. Charcoal and firewood production is totally responsible for the degradation of 39.4 ha of forest per year. The associated emissions of CO2, CO, N2O, CH4, and TNMHC (total non-methane hydrocarbon) during the production and consumption of firewood and charcoal were calculated based on the emission factors indicated by previous studies. The results demonstrated that the trace gases produced during charcoal making were higher than that of charcoal burning. Further, the amounts of greenhouse gases generated during firewood burning were higher than the ones generated during charcoal burning. In order to minimize the challenges of deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions caused by charcoal and firewood consumption, a strategy of promoting the utilization of alternative clean energy sources such as solar and biogas should be implemented in parallel to the effort of adoption of improved biomass energy-saving cook stoves.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Francis Olatunbosun Aweda; Segun Adebayo; Adetunji Ayokunnu Adeniji; Timothy Kayode Samson; Jacob Adebayo Akinpelu
Abstract
Wind energy has been identified as a critical component in the growth of all countries throughout the world. Nigeria has been identified as having energy issues as a result of poor maintenance of hydro and thermal energy generating stations. As a result, the current study uses some machine learning approaches ...
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Wind energy has been identified as a critical component in the growth of all countries throughout the world. Nigeria has been identified as having energy issues as a result of poor maintenance of hydro and thermal energy generating stations. As a result, the current study uses some machine learning approaches over wind speed data for energy generation in the country. Machine learning models were employed for wind speed using selected meteorological parameters. Little research was done using some meteorological data and machine learning to investigate wind speed across Nigerian sub-stations, resulting in the need for further research. This research, on the other hand, focuses on a neural network for forecasting, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network model based on several fire-work algorithms (FWA). The data for this study came from the archive of the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) Web service, which was modeled. The LSTM predicts the wind speed model based on the FWA, which used hyper-parameter optimization and was based on a real-time prediction model that was dependent on the change and dependence of the neural network. The study data was split into two categories: test and training. According to the validation technique, the sample data was reviewed, and the first 80% of the data was utilized for training, as revealed by the (LSTM) network model. The remaining 20% of the data was used as forecast data to ensure that the model was accurate. The normalization of the data for the wind speed range of 0 to 1 which illustrates the process data, the high peak in 1985 (a = 0.12m/s, b = 0.11m/s, c = 0.13m/s d = 0.08m/s, e = 0.06m/s, f = 0.10m/s) was discovered. However, the summary result of the performances of different 11 Machine Learning algorithms of regression type for each of the seven locations in Nigeria has different values. As a result, it is recommended that this study will facilitate the prediction of wind speed for energy generation in Nigeria.
Review Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Dnyaneshwar S. Malwad; Deepak C. Sonawane
Abstract
Preserving food from harvest to consumer level is a challenge in the agriculture sector. Drying is a crucial post-harvest technique that lowers moisture to levels suitable for storage. Solar drying is a traditional renewable energy drying process. Different solar drying methods have been developed ...
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Preserving food from harvest to consumer level is a challenge in the agriculture sector. Drying is a crucial post-harvest technique that lowers moisture to levels suitable for storage. Solar drying is a traditional renewable energy drying process. Different solar drying methods have been developed to speed up the drying process and maintain the product's nutritious content. Indirect solar drying is one of the efficient drying methods that has better control over the drying temperature. Indirect solar drying has developed into a desirable, effective, and environmentally responsible drying technique when combined with solar collectors and thermal storage. Flat plates, evacuated tubes, and concentrated solar collectors are used in indirect solar dryers along with direct air heating or thermal storage systems. This study aims to review the improvement in the drying rate with different air heating mechanisms. Flat plate collectors with liquid working fluid are employed to heat the air, whereas in evacuated tube collectors, the air is directly heated passing through the tubes. Working fluids, air temperature, air velocity, and solar radiation are important dryer parameters affecting the drying rate. The paper also discusses the usage of heat storage devices for continuous drying operations. The drying time is greatly reduced through integration with latent and sensible storage technologies. Products that have been dried using indirect solar dryer and appropriate drying models are tabulated. Aspects of indirect solar drying and challenges in drying time reduction are also reported.
Research Article
Advanced Energy Technologies
Abraham Olatide Amole; Adebimpe Oluwaseun Adeyeye; Daniel Oluwaseun Akinyele; Kehinde Adeleye Makinde; Stephen Oladipo
Abstract
The use of Diesel Generators (DGs) and gas turbines to power oil rigs is characterized by pollution due to the emission of harmful gases like carbon dioxide, very high noise levels, high maintenance costs, and the inability to start the platform if the DG fails. Offshore wind energy generation system ...
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The use of Diesel Generators (DGs) and gas turbines to power oil rigs is characterized by pollution due to the emission of harmful gases like carbon dioxide, very high noise levels, high maintenance costs, and the inability to start the platform if the DG fails. Offshore wind energy generation system provides a viable alternative means of powering the oil rig and can also be integrated to operate in parallel with gas turbines. However, offshore wind energy might fail if not properly designed due to the high variability of wind resources. Hence, the objective of this work is to design offshore Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) energy generation system, DG, and hybrid DG-WTG for the black start of an offshore oil rig. The designed energy systems are simulated using HOMER Pro. Furthermore, the performance of the simulated systems was evaluated using the electrical production, unmet load, and emission profile as the performance metrics. The results of the hybrid DG-WTG powered black start revealed that 150kW DG generated 322,071kWh/yr representing 6.77% of the total generation and 1.5MW WTG generated 4,434,632kWh/yr representing 93.2% of the total generation. The comparison of the emissions from DG and DG-WTG revealed that 294,058kg/yr, 1,945kg/yr, 80.9kg/yr, 9.02kg/yr, 720kg/yr, and 688kg/yr of CO2, CO, UH, PM, SO2, and NO, respectively, were released into the atmosphere by DG-WTG which is very low compared to 969,129kg/yr, 6,109kg/yr, 267kg/yr, 37kg/yr, 2373kg/yr, and 5739kg/yr of CO2, CO, UH, PM, SO2, and NO, respectively, released into the atmosphere by DG. The sensitivity analysis revealed that while the electrical production of 100kW and 50kW DGs decreased with an increase in WTG height, the electrical production of 1.5MW WTG increased with an increase in WTG height. It was further revealed that the higher the WTG height the smaller the quantity of the emission released into the atmosphere.
Research Article
Environmental Impacts and Sustainability
Ali Sayyadi; Mohamad Javad Amiri
Abstract
One of the environmental problems today is the rising land surface temperature and the formation of heat islands in metropolitan areas, which have arisen due to the unplanned expansion of these cities. Satellite imagery is widely used in urban environmental studies to provide an integrated view and reduce ...
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One of the environmental problems today is the rising land surface temperature and the formation of heat islands in metropolitan areas, which have arisen due to the unplanned expansion of these cities. Satellite imagery is widely used in urban environmental studies to provide an integrated view and reduce costs and time. In this study, Landsat satellite imagery in TM, ETM+, and OLI sensors from 1984 to 2020, remote sensing techniques, and GIS is used to analyze the data, and SPSS software is employed to examine the correlation between the data. The results indicate that the land surface temperature in District 1 of Tehran has increased during the last 38 years. Moreover, land use in District 1 has changed significantly over this period, and urban land use increased from 16% (1984) to 35% (2020) while vegetation declined from 32% to 14%. The results of linear regression analysis show a significant correlation between satellite images and weather station data. The significance coefficient (Sig) in all stations is less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. Besides, the coefficient of variation (R) for all stations is above 80%, and the coefficient R2 has a desirable value. The findings suggest that the trend of rising temperatures in District 1 of Tehran has become an environmental problem and the changes in land use such as declining vegetation and increasing the acceleration of urbanization are among the factors that affect it.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Satyaprasad Mohapatra; Akshaya Kumar Patra; Debswarup Rath
Abstract
The design of a Spotted Hyena Optimization Algorithm-Variable Parameter Tilt Integral Derivative with Filter (SHO-VPTIDF) controller for improved performance and enhanced devaluation of harmonic components of grid-connected photovoltaic systems is the main objective of the suggested manuscript. The SHO-VPTIDF ...
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The design of a Spotted Hyena Optimization Algorithm-Variable Parameter Tilt Integral Derivative with Filter (SHO-VPTIDF) controller for improved performance and enhanced devaluation of harmonic components of grid-connected photovoltaic systems is the main objective of the suggested manuscript. The SHO-VPTIDF controller is proposed by reformulating Tilt Integral Derivative Controller with Filter (TIDCF). The TIDCF is characterized by longer simulation time, lower robustness, longer settling time, attenuated ability for noise rejection, and limited use. This research gap is addressed by replacing the constant gains of TIDCF by variable parameter tilt integral derivative with filter. The VPTIDF replaces the constant gains of TIDCF with error varying control parameters to improve the robustness of the system. The photovoltaic system with nonlinearities causes power quality issues and occasional faults, which can be detected by using Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) based machine learning technique. The novelties of the proposed manuscript including improved stability, better robustness, upgraded accuracy, better harmonic mitigation ability, and improved ability to handle uncertainties are verified in a Matlab simulink environment. In this manuscript, the SHO-VPTIDF and the Direct and Quadrature Control based Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (DQCSPWM) method are employed for fault classification, harmonic diminishing, stability enhancement, better system performance, better accuracy, improved robustness, and better capabilities to handle system uncertainties.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Reza Roohi; Masoud Akbari
Abstract
The design of novel and effective receivers is one of the most challenging aspects of solar energy harvesters, especially for Parabolic Dish Collectors (PDCs). The variation of solar flux due to the solar time and sky clearance index can affect the output thermal energy of the collector. One of the major ...
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The design of novel and effective receivers is one of the most challenging aspects of solar energy harvesters, especially for Parabolic Dish Collectors (PDCs). The variation of solar flux due to the solar time and sky clearance index can affect the output thermal energy of the collector. One of the major approaches to producing a uniform performance for the PDCs is the utilization of Phase Change Materials (PCMs). The PCMs can absorb the solar flux at its peak instances. Subsequently, due to the thermal buffering effect, excess energy is released in cases with lower solar flux. In the present study, a novel design of receiver with multiple layers of thin PCM inserted between the passages of the working fluid is numerically simulated. The simulations are designed to determine the effect of operational parameters on the performance of the examined novel receiver. According to the results, by increasing the Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) flow rate from 60 to 90 kg/h, the system efficiency is increased from 53.8 to 66.4 %.
Research Article
Advanced Energy Technologies
Mohammad Saleh Barghi Jahromi; Vali Kalantar; Mohammad Sefid; Masoud Iranmanesh; Hadi Samimi Akhijahani
Abstract
Paraffin waxes are widely used as commercial organic heat storage phase change (PCM) for many applications due to their suitable properties; high heats of fusion, nonpoisonous, stable properties, no phase separation, and the phase process only results in a small volume change. Meanwhile, it suffers from ...
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Paraffin waxes are widely used as commercial organic heat storage phase change (PCM) for many applications due to their suitable properties; high heats of fusion, nonpoisonous, stable properties, no phase separation, and the phase process only results in a small volume change. Meanwhile, it suffers from low thermal conductivity. Various techniques can be enhanced the thermal conductivity of PCMs by incorporating the dispersion of high-conductivity particles or nanomaterial in the PCM itself and employing metal foams. Using nanoparticles has the disadvantages of an expensive cost and particle deposition after various cycles. Hence, in this study, some experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of porous media like copper foam and iron wool as the filler instead of nanomaterials on improving the heat conductivity of PCM. The results show that the porous foam increases the heat transfer and during the charging operation, the temperature of the porous plate wall increases continuously at the same rate as the paraffin. In 2400 s, the temperature of pure PCM, iron wool and copper foam reaches 67.3, 72.5 and 73.27℃ , respectively. The optimal mode is the one where the copper absorber plate is connected to the copper foam, reducing the charging time by 600 s compared to pure PCM and saving 75% of energy. Connecting the copper absorber plate to the iron wool has a good thermal performance and stores 70.83% of energy, so the iron wool has an acceptable performance and is suitable for storage systems.
Research Article
Advanced Energy Technologies
Ala Moradi; Hajar Es-haghi; Seyed Hassan Hashemabadi; Majid Haghgoo; Zahra Emami
Abstract
Due to their high energy storage capacity, phase change materials (PCMs) have received significant attention as thermal energy storage systems. However, their low thermal conductivity reduces the rate of heat transfer. Incorporating nanoparticles into the matrix of PCM can be an efficient way to solve ...
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Due to their high energy storage capacity, phase change materials (PCMs) have received significant attention as thermal energy storage systems. However, their low thermal conductivity reduces the rate of heat transfer. Incorporating nanoparticles into the matrix of PCM can be an efficient way to solve their deficiency. In the current research, nano-enhanced phase change materials (NEPCM) based on Eicosane and incorporated nano graphite were prepared, and their thermal characteristics were evaluated. The SEM micrographs of graphite nano-powders, pure Eicosane, and prepared nanocomposites were analyzed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal conductivity evaluation (TC) of samples were conducted to determine their heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity. The results illustrated that the more graphite nanoparticles, the more collision number between graphite and Eicosane. Therefore, nanocomposites' thermal conductivity and diffusivity are increased with nanophase. Furthermore, increasing crystal growth and reducing heat capacity for the high amount of nanoparticles in the composite were discussed.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Samir Tabet; Razika Ihaddadene; Belhi Guerira; Nabila Ihaddadene
Abstract
Dust accumulation on PV surface panels is a crucial factor affecting their performance. It is more frequently noted in the desert zones. The effect of dust on the electrical behavior of damaged PV panels was investigated in this study. Three panels are used: the degraded panels (with and without dust) ...
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Dust accumulation on PV surface panels is a crucial factor affecting their performance. It is more frequently noted in the desert zones. The effect of dust on the electrical behavior of damaged PV panels was investigated in this study. Three panels are used: the degraded panels (with and without dust) and the reference panels; they are located in an industrial zone with a continental climate (Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algeria). The I-V and P-V characterization and degradation mechanism visualization are used. Also, a numerical simulation was conducted to calculate the five parameters of the three modeled PV panels (diode ideality factor (a), series resistance (Rs), Shunt resistance (Rp), photocurrent (Ipv), and diode saturation current (I0)). These parameters were utilized for the first time to study the impact of dust on their degradation rate and the PV panel behavior. The degradation rate and the annual degradation rate of each parameter are affected by dust differently. The power degradation rate is increased by 5.45%. The Isc and Imax degradation rates are climbed by 6.97% and 6.0%, respectively. Vmax and Voc degradation rates decrease by 1.20% and 0.35%, respectively. Dust increased the rate of degradation for a, Iph, and I0 by 4.12%, 6.99%, and 68.17%, respectively. For Rs and Rp, the degradation rate was reduced by 4.51% and 20.01%, respectively. An appropriate netoiling approach must be considered because dust, even in non-desert areas and industrial zones, has a significant impact on the electrical characteristics degradation of a PV panel.
Research Article
Advanced Energy Technologies
Mohammed Ali Sami Mahmood; Rodionov Yuriy Viktorovich; Shchegolkov Alexandr Viktorovich
Abstract
Researchers worldwide are studying thermal energy storage with phase change materials because of their substantial benefits in the enhancement of energy efficiency of thermal drying systems. A two-stage convective-vacuum impulsive drying plant is a technology for the manufacturing of chemical and food ...
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Researchers worldwide are studying thermal energy storage with phase change materials because of their substantial benefits in the enhancement of energy efficiency of thermal drying systems. A two-stage convective-vacuum impulsive drying plant is a technology for the manufacturing of chemical and food products with high quality and low energy costs. Energy consumption during the drying process is the main indicator in terms of economy. In this paper, a brief and focused review of the peculiarities of TEAs with PPCMs and opportunities of their application in such drying systems is done and discussed. The paper described the mentioned manufacturing system. The advantages of paraffin wax and thermal conductivity improvement techniques were demonstrated for their use as heat storage materials in CVID drying units. The results of similar previous studies were presented. The results of the experimental studies conducted by the researchers proved that the use of heat accumulators with PCMs increased the overall energy efficiency of drying systems. Finally, integration of TEAs based on modified PPCMs in the CVID system was recommended to intensify thermal energy, reduce thermal influence on the main indicators of the vacuum pump during the evacuation process, and decrease production costs.
Research Note
Advanced Energy Technologies
Abbas Ahmadi; Mahsa Zaman; Siab Mamipour
Abstract
Clean solar energy is one of the best sources of energy. The large number of sunny days in Iran makes it ideal for solar power plants to generate electricity. This paper presents a short-term forecasting approach based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for selected solar power plants in Iran and ranks ...
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Clean solar energy is one of the best sources of energy. The large number of sunny days in Iran makes it ideal for solar power plants to generate electricity. This paper presents a short-term forecasting approach based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for selected solar power plants in Iran and ranks the input variables of the neural network according to their importance. Two solar power plants in Hamadan province (Amirkabir and Khalij-Fars) were selected for the project. The output of solar power plants is dependent on weather conditions. Solar radiation on the horizontal plane, air temperature, air pressure, day length, number of sunny hours, cloudiness, and airborne dust particles are considered input variables in this study to predict solar power plant output. Forecasting model selection is based on considering zero and nonzero quantities of target variables. The results show that solar production forecasting based on meteorological parameters in the Khalij-Fars is more accurate than Amirkabir. The global solar radiation, air temperature, number of sunny hours, day length, airborne dust particles, cloudiness, air pressure, and dummy variables[1] are the order of the most important inputs to solar power generation. Results show simultaneous influences of radiation and temperature on solar power plant production.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Chunhyun Paik; Yongjoo Chung; Young Jin Kim
Abstract
The power generation sector accounts for a significant portion of GHG emissions, and many countries strive for the large-scale adoption of renewable generation. Although the intermittent nature of renewables brings about complications in energy system planning, the share of renewable generations is increasing ...
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The power generation sector accounts for a significant portion of GHG emissions, and many countries strive for the large-scale adoption of renewable generation. Although the intermittent nature of renewables brings about complications in energy system planning, the share of renewable generations is increasing to the greatest extent. The wind generation has drawn increasing attention to expanding the use of renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions from the power generation sector, and the estimation of capacity factor is crucial in energy system modeling. This study develops a mathematical model for estimating the capacity factor of a wind farm with the consideration of outage probability of individual turbines. In addition, the power curves and wind speed distribution of the wind farm need to be estimated, which is demonstrated with a wind farm in Korea. It is asserted that the proposed method may render the wind farm capacity factor effectively. Thus, the results from this study can be useful for energy system modeling involving wind generations.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Abdurrahman Abubakar; Madihah Binti MD Salleh; Adibah Binti Yahya; Chun Chong Shiong; Shaza Eva Mohamad; Suraini Binti Abd-Aziz; Huszalina Hussin
Abstract
Oil Palm Frond (OPF) juice has been the focus of Malaysian bioenergy producers through acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. However, due to the high concentration of phenolic compounds in the hydrolysate, usually garlic and ferulic acids, the fermentation medium turns acidic which hinders the ...
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Oil Palm Frond (OPF) juice has been the focus of Malaysian bioenergy producers through acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. However, due to the high concentration of phenolic compounds in the hydrolysate, usually garlic and ferulic acids, the fermentation medium turns acidic which hinders the growth of most microorganisms. A suitable method of phenolic compound removal with a minimal effect on the sugar stability of OPF juice has been employed using Amberlite XAD-4 resin. During the detoxification process, the effects of temperature and pH on the removal of phenolic compounds and sugar stability were also assessed. The Amberlite XAD-4 resin managed to adsorb about 32% of phenolic compound from the OPF hydrolysate at an optimum temperature of 50 °C and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of 6. In addition, it maintained as much as 93.7 % of the sugar in the OPF juice. The effect of detoxifying OPF hydrolysate was further tested for biobutanol production in batch culture using strain Clostridium acetobutylicum SR1, L2, and A1. Strain L2 gave the highest improvement in biobutanol and total solvent production by 22.7% and 14.41%, respectively, in medium with detoxified OPF juice. Meanwhile, compared to non-detoxified OPF juice, the acid production of strain L2 significantly decreased by 2.99-fold when using detoxified OPF juice, despite a 1.2-fold increase in sugar consumption. Conclusively, using Amberlite XAD-4 resin to detoxify OPF hydrolysate at pH 6 and 50 °C removed the phenolic compound while increasing the strain L2 capability to improve biobutanol and total solvent production
Research Article
Environmental Impacts and Sustainability
Mahdi Pourbafrani; Hossein Ghadamian; Meisam Moghadasi; Masoud Mardani
Abstract
In this research study, a cost-effective and reliable weather station using a microcontroller system containing instruments and sensors for measuring and recording ambient variables was designed, fabricated, and tested. The dataset recorded and stored in the meteorological system can be applied to conduct ...
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In this research study, a cost-effective and reliable weather station using a microcontroller system containing instruments and sensors for measuring and recording ambient variables was designed, fabricated, and tested. The dataset recorded and stored in the meteorological system can be applied to conduct various research in the field of energy and environment, especially in solar systems. Employing a microcontroller system reduces costs and provides special features such as accessing data on the web-based spreadsheets and adding control devices. In this system, meteorological information including solar radiation, air temperature, wind velocity, and air relative humidity is measured and saved in user-defined time intervals such as 30 seconds. The total cost for measuring equipment, sensors, and microcontroller along with a data logger is about 110 USD. To demonstrate the importance of using local meteorological data, in the vicinity of the case studies, the dataset provided by the local weather station was compared with the meteorological data of two nearby national stations for one month. The results revealed that the values reported by the national stations were different from the actual values measured by the local weather station. The deviations for solar radiation, wind velocity, air temperature and humidity values were at least 5, 9, 7%, and more than 100%, respectively.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
G. N. Tiwari; Prashant Bhardwaj; Sujata Nayak
Abstract
This study considers N-photovoltaic thermal-thermo electric cooler (PVT-TEC) air collectors connected in series for thermal and electrical performance. An improved Hottel-Whiller-Bliss (HWB) equation and mass flow rate factor were derived for the nth PVT-TEC air collectors. The derivation is based on ...
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This study considers N-photovoltaic thermal-thermo electric cooler (PVT-TEC) air collectors connected in series for thermal and electrical performance. An improved Hottel-Whiller-Bliss (HWB) equation and mass flow rate factor were derived for the nth PVT-TEC air collectors. The derivation is based on energy balance equation for each component of N-photovoltaic thermal-thermo electric cooler (PVT-TEC) air collectors connected in series. Further, thermal energy and electrical energy from PV module and TEC were analyzed based on a given design and climatic parameters along with the overall exergy of the proposed system on the hourly and daily bases. Numerical computations were conducted using MATLAB under Indian climatic conditions. The proposed thermal model is valid for all climatic and weather conditions. Based on the numerical computations carried out, the following conclusions were made:
The electrical power of PV module decreased with increase in the number of the n^th PVT-TEC air collectors as the electrical power of TEC increased.
The overall instantaneous exergy efficiency decreased with increase in the number of the n^th PVT-TEC air collectors.
Packing factor of TEC was found to be a very sensitive parameter for optimizing the number of PVT-TEC air collectors to ensure maximum overall exergy, and it was found to be β_tec=0.5. for N=7
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Sameer Hanna Khader; Abdel-Karim Khalid Daud
Abstract
This study proposes a novel approach to fast and direct determination of the Maximum Power Point (MPP) at any value of solar irradiation and cell temperature, without applying further mathematical processing to operate at that point. The current approach aims to reduce algorithm complexity, time consumption ...
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This study proposes a novel approach to fast and direct determination of the Maximum Power Point (MPP) at any value of solar irradiation and cell temperature, without applying further mathematical processing to operate at that point. The current approach aims to reduce algorithm complexity, time consumption during the iteration, and oscillation to reach the point at which the panel generates maximum possible power. For avoiding or eliminating these drawbacks, the chopper duty cycle (D) at which the panel-generated power should be the maximum is determined using the panel datasheet with respect to voltage and power at different irradiation rates (G). Mathematical equations are derived for MPP voltage and power at any value of solar irradiation using the manufacturer Photovoltaic (PV) specification. The simulation results obtained by MATLAB/SIMULINK platform showed that the power had a linear change, while the voltage had a nonlinear one with narrow variations. The yield duty cycle controls the Modified Single Ended Primary Converter (MSEPIC) that regulates the load voltage through a wide range below and above the rated panel voltage. The simulation results showed the fast response of chopper operation with a negligible starting time required by the MPPT algorithm, no duty cycle oscillation, and shorter iteration time. Furthermore, the conducted approach is validated based on the data published in a reputed journal, and the obtained results gave rise to new aspects that helped reduce dependency on conventional MPPT algorithms and, consequently, enhance the system response, efficiency and cost reduction.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Gopal Nath Tiwari; Shikha Singh; Yashwant Kumar Singh
Abstract
This paper presents an analytical expression for the temperatures of the plant, room air, and solar cell, as well as the electrical efficiency, for a photo-voltaic thermal (PVT) roof façade of a greenhouse integrated semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal (GiSPVT) system. The expression considers ...
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This paper presents an analytical expression for the temperatures of the plant, room air, and solar cell, as well as the electrical efficiency, for a photo-voltaic thermal (PVT) roof façade of a greenhouse integrated semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal (GiSPVT) system. The expression considers climatic variables such as solar intensity and ambient air temperature, as well as design parameters such as the area of the PV module, electrical efficiency under standard test conditions (STC), temperature coefficient, and various heat transfer coefficients. Using monthly numerical computations for different parameters in Indian climatic conditions, this study evaluates energy matrices such as energy payback time (EPBT), energy production factor (EPF), and life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) for various solar cell materials, including single-crystalline (c-Si), multi-crystalline (mc-Si), amorphous (a-Si), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and cadmium telluride (CdTe), with and without thermal exergy. Considering that the life span of greenhouse materials varies from 5-30 years for low cost, medium, and high-tech greenhouses, different solar cell materials are recommended for different life spans of GiSPVT. Therefore, this study recommends suitable solar cell materials for known greenhousedesigns:(a) EPBT and LCCE for c-Si/ mc-Si are about 3.5 to 4.5 years and 13 to 22%, respectively, with respect to thermal exergy. Hence, these two solar cell materials are most suitable for high-tech greenhouses that are similar to crystalline solar cell in terms of life cycle. (b) EPBT and LCCE of CIGS are 1.17 years and 16.44%, respectively, with respect to thermal exergy. Hence, the solar cell material of CIGS is most suitable for low-cost greenhouses.
Research Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Md. Rashedul Alam; Iftekhar Uddin Bhuiyan; Nur Mohammad
Abstract
The output power of a Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) plant depends mainly on the solar irradiance on the photovoltaic (PV) modules. Therefore, short-term variations in solar irradiance cause variations in the output power of solar power plants, making solar photovoltaic grid integration unstable. Solar irradiance ...
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The output power of a Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) plant depends mainly on the solar irradiance on the photovoltaic (PV) modules. Therefore, short-term variations in solar irradiance cause variations in the output power of solar power plants, making solar photovoltaic grid integration unstable. Solar irradiance variations mainly occur due to the weather conditions of a given location, especially the movement of clouds and seasonal effects. Consequently, assessing the variability of solar irradiance over the course of a year is essential to identify the extent of these variations. Geographical dispersion and cloud enhancement are two important factors affecting output power variations in a PV plant. Geographical dispersion reduces such variations, while cloud enhancement increases them. This study utilizes two ground station-based solar Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) datasets to assess the viability of solar irradiance in the Chittagong division of Bangladesh. The analysis reveals a significant number of days with high short-term solar irradiance variation. In addition to solar irradiance, the frequency and voltage at the interconnection point are important for safe grid integration. It was observed that the grid frequency exceeded the range specified by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), but remained within the grid code range of Bangladesh. Grid voltage variation at the interconnection substation was found to be within the standard range during the daytime, but low voltage was observed at the grid level during the rest period. Therefore, it is crucial to implement necessary preventive measures to reduce short-term variations for the safe grid integration of large-scale variable SPV plants.
Review Article
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Zaiba Ishrat; Ankur Kumar Gupta; Seema Nayak
Abstract
Solar power energy continues to be a renewable and sustainable source of energy in the coming year due to its cleaner nature and abundant availability. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a technique used in solar power systems to extract maximum power from photovoltaic (PV) modules by tracking the ...
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Solar power energy continues to be a renewable and sustainable source of energy in the coming year due to its cleaner nature and abundant availability. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a technique used in solar power systems to extract maximum power from photovoltaic (PV) modules by tracking the operating point of the modules. MPPT is essential for achieving optimal power output from a solar panel, particularly in variable weather conditions. Traditional MPPT techniques are subject to limitations in handling the partial shading conditions (PSC). To ensure the tracking of maximum power point while boosting the MPPT's overall efficacy and performance, Machine Learning must be integrated into MPPT. As per the reviewer work, ML techniques have the potential to play a crucial role in the development of advanced MPPT systems for solar power systems operating under partial shading conditions and to compare the performance of existing ML-MPPT in terms of accuracy, response time, and efficacy. These review papers technically analyze the result of ML-MPPT techniques and suggest the optimum ML-MPPT tactics that are Q learning, Bayesian Regularization Neural Network (BRNN), and Multivariate Linear Regression Model (MLIR) to achieve optimum outcomes in MPPT under PSC. Further, these techniques can offer efficiency greater than 95%, tracking duration less than 1sec, and error threshold of 0.05.In the future, the reviewer may propose simulation work to compare the optimal algorithms.
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