Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Divya Bisen; Ashish Pratap Singh Chouhan; Raja Mohan Sakthivel
Abstract
Recently, waste materials have garnered attention for their potential in providing clean and affordable energy through thermochemical conversion techniques. They play a significant role in transforming waste into eco-friendly energy, but the proper selection of materials is crucial for successful thermochemical ...
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Recently, waste materials have garnered attention for their potential in providing clean and affordable energy through thermochemical conversion techniques. They play a significant role in transforming waste into eco-friendly energy, but the proper selection of materials is crucial for successful thermochemical conversion. The primary objective of this study is to assess combustion efficiency based on activation energy, utilizing TGA and DTG analysis. Rice husk (RH), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste materials were chosen for investigation. Experiments were conducted at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 600 °C, with varying heating rates of 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C min-1. The apparent activation energy of the feedstocks was determined using five different iso-conversional model-free approaches, namely Kissinger Akahira Sunose (KAS), Friedman, Flynn Wall Ozawa (FWO), Starink, and Tang methods. The apparent activation energy for rice husk, LDPE, and PET fell within the range of 113-123 kJ mol-1, 101-101 kJ mol-1and105-117kJmol-1, respectively This research also contributes to establishing Comprehensive Pyrolysis Index (CPI) values to identify suitable sources for pyrolysis and gasification. According to CPI results, temperatures between 500 to 600 °C are optimal for pyrolysis, and an increase in heating rate enhances the output of pyrolysis products. A higher CPI index is favorable for achieving both a high calorific value and increased hydrocarbon contents.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Sara Taheri; Ahmadreza Faghih Khorasani; Mohsen Mozafari Shamsi
Abstract
Desalination stands out as a prominent method for obtaining fresh water from saltwater sources. The focus of this study revolves around a dehumidifier-dehumidifier system within a closed air-open water desalination framework, exploring two distinct modes: one without integration with solar collectors ...
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Desalination stands out as a prominent method for obtaining fresh water from saltwater sources. The focus of this study revolves around a dehumidifier-dehumidifier system within a closed air-open water desalination framework, exploring two distinct modes: one without integration with solar collectors and the other incorporating solar collectors.Optimal conditions emerged with a fresh water circulation rate of 3 L/min and an incoming salt water flow rate of 1 L/min, resulting in a commendable maximum recovery ratio of 5.33%. Subsequently, in these optimal operating conditions, photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) panels were introduced to the desalination system, yielding insightful results. The output gain ratio (GOR), indicating the efficiency of converting heat to water evaporation, was 0.78 without connecting panels and 0.48 when panels were integrated. With panels connected, the desalination system achieved a peak fresh water production of 2.04 L/hr. Notably, the humidifier tower exhibited an impressive efficiency of 97%, while the dehumidifier tower operated at 40%. The solar collectors contributed significantly, meeting approximately 10% of the system's heating requirements and satisfying 7.3% of its electrical needs. The findings underscore the viability of integrating solar technology into desalination systems, showcasing not only increased fresh water output but also a noteworthy reduction in reliance on conventional energy sources. This innovative approach aligns with the global pursuit of sustainable and efficient water management solutions.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Yuvaperiyasamy Mayilsamy; Senthilkumar Natarajan; Deepanraj Balakrishnan
Abstract
This experimental study investigates the performance of a single-slope solar desalination with a finned pond, considering varying glass cover angles, water depths, and the usage of sensible and latent heat materials for four different saline water types. Conventional solar stills (CSS) produce less distillate; ...
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This experimental study investigates the performance of a single-slope solar desalination with a finned pond, considering varying glass cover angles, water depths, and the usage of sensible and latent heat materials for four different saline water types. Conventional solar stills (CSS) produce less distillate; therefore, some design changes were implemented by integrating a finned pond into the conventional solar still (CSS-FP). Additionally, paraffin wax and bricks were placed inside the solar still to enhance thermal storage capacity. The solar still is constructed with galvanized steel for the base and side walls, while the basin is covered with tempered glass. Thermal conductivity is improved by applying black paint on the sides. The finned pond enhances the heat absorption and distribution process, consequently increasing the evaporation rate within the still. The experiment was conducted in Pongalur, Tamil Nadu, India (10.9729° N, 77.3698° E). The maximum distillate production was achieved at a 35° glass cover angle and a 7 cm water depth. Desalination was performed on four saline liquids: bore water (BW), seawater (SW), leather industry wastewater (LW), and plastic industry wastewater (PW). BW exhibited the highest yield due to its lower density and salinity. Chemical analysis of the desalinated water suggests its suitability for home use. Economic research reveals a payback period of 230 days, confirming the financial feasibility of the solar still. Hence, it is concluded that the proposed CSS-FP can increase productivity compared to the CSS under different conditions.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Nikita Gupta; Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar; Sanjay Kumar; Dhafer J. Almakhles; Tarun Panwar; Abhinav Banyal; Aanandita Sharma; Akanksha Nadda
Abstract
The sun serves as the primary energy source, providing our planet with the essential energy for sustaining life. To efficiently harness this energy, photovoltaic cells, commonly known as PV cells, are employed. These cells convert the solar energy they receive into electrical energy. The operational ...
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The sun serves as the primary energy source, providing our planet with the essential energy for sustaining life. To efficiently harness this energy, photovoltaic cells, commonly known as PV cells, are employed. These cells convert the solar energy they receive into electrical energy. The operational point of the solar cell, delivering maximum output power, is referred to as the maximum power point (MPP). However, as light availability and temperature fluctuate throughout the day, the MPP also varies accordingly. To maintain constant operation at the MPP, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms are employed to trace the MPP during module operation. These algorithms can be categorized into four groups: classical, intelligent, optimization, and hybrid, based on the tracking algorithm utilized. Each MPPT algorithm, existing in these categories, comes with its own set of advantages and limitations. This paper extensively reviews fifteen algorithms categorized under different groups. The review concludes with a comparative analysis of these algorithms, considering various parameters such as cost, complexity, tracking accuracy, and sensed parameters in a succinct manner. The paper focuses on elucidating the necessity of MPPT algorithms, their classification as per existing literature, and a comparative assessment of the studied MPPT algorithms. This comprehensive review aims to address advancements in this field, paving the way for further research.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Sagiraju Dileep Kumar Varma; Sarathbabu Sri Satya Sita Rama Duvvuri; Omkar Koduri; Srikanth Venkata Malladi
Abstract
The widespread integration of wind energy poses numerous challenges, including ride-through capability issues, stability concerns, and power quality issues within the utility grid. Additionally, the inherent non-linear nature of wind energy systems, coupled with internal dynamics like model uncertainties, ...
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The widespread integration of wind energy poses numerous challenges, including ride-through capability issues, stability concerns, and power quality issues within the utility grid. Additionally, the inherent non-linear nature of wind energy systems, coupled with internal dynamics like model uncertainties, non-linearities, parametric variations, modeling errors, and external disturbances, significantly impacts system performance. Therefore, developing a robust controller becomes imperative to address the complexity, non-linearity, coupling, time variation, and uncertainties associated with wind energy systems, aiming to enhance transient performance in the presence of external and internal disturbances. The research presented in this manuscript focuses on devising a robust control scheme for a grid-tied Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) wind turbine. The objective is to improve the wind turbine's performance under both normal and abnormal grid conditions. The innovation in Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) lies in its capacity to offer robust, adaptive, and disturbance-rejecting capabilities without relying on precise mathematical models. This quality makes ADRC a valuable and innovative tool for addressing challenges in complex and dynamic real-world applications where system parameters evolve over time. The wind energy system is inherently non-linear, time-varying, cross-coupled, and highly uncertain. It is also susceptible to parameter uncertainties, parametric variations, and external grid disturbances, all of which significantly influence its performance. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is validated to enhance ride-through capability and extract maximum power under internal disturbances, external grid disturbances, and parametric variations. To assess the proposed controller's efficacy, a comparative analysis is conducted using the Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) index for all abnormal grid disturbances. This analysis is performed in comparison to a Proportional Resonant Controller and a PI controller, providing evidence of the proposed controller's effectiveness. In summary, the incorporation of an Active Disturbance Rejection Controller emerges as a promising solution for enhancing the Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) and High Voltage Ride-Through (HVRT) capabilities of grid-tied Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)-based wind energy systems.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Tsutomu Dei; Hossen Iddi Kayumba; Julius Agaka Yusufu
Abstract
This research explores biomass gasification for power generation in rural areas of developing countries, utilizing a 20 kW U-flow-shaped gasification system developed at Ashikaga University. While small-scale power systems typically rely on reciprocating or modified diesel engines, which face issues ...
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This research explores biomass gasification for power generation in rural areas of developing countries, utilizing a 20 kW U-flow-shaped gasification system developed at Ashikaga University. While small-scale power systems typically rely on reciprocating or modified diesel engines, which face issues due to tar produced by biomass gasifiers, this study employed a piston-less rotary engine. Performance evaluations were conducted at various engine speeds and gasifier operational modes, demonstrating continuous power generation for approximately six hours. Improved maintenance of rotary engines could benefit rural users, with potential efficiency gains through thermal energy recovery, although tar filtration needs enhancement. The experimental findings reveal continuous power generation for approximately six hours under both operational conditions, with the closed-top operation outperforming the open-top counterpart in terms of power output. However, control over power output and gasifier temperatures is more straightforward in the open-top operation. Gasifier performance was assessed based on fuel consumption rate and system efficiency, with consumption rates varying by rotary engine speed, measuring 2.0 kWh/kg at 2800 rpm and 2.3 kWh/kg at 3200 rpm, and 2.9 kWh/kg at 3600 rpm. Cold gas efficiency of the U-shaped gasifier was 63.4%, and energy conversion efficiency reached 9.4% at 2800 rpm operation. At 3200 rpm operation, cold gas efficiency improved to 79.8%, but energy conversion efficiency decreased to 7.3%. The rotary engine's energy conversion efficiency was lower than that of a gas engine. Nonetheless, if the rotary engine reduces maintenance needs, it could benefit rural users. Efficiency can be improved through thermal energy recovery.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Mahdi Pourbafrani; Hossein Ghadamian; Mohammad Aminy; Meisam Moghadasi; Masoud Mardani; Mohammad Akrami; Amir houshang Khaki; Seyed Mohammad Kazem Sadr
Abstract
Evacuated tube solar collectors (ETSC) are widely utilized in both domestic and industrial solar water heaters (SWH) due to their commendable thermal performance and straightforward installation. However, a significant challenge associated with ETSC lies in the fact that half of the collector remains ...
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Evacuated tube solar collectors (ETSC) are widely utilized in both domestic and industrial solar water heaters (SWH) due to their commendable thermal performance and straightforward installation. However, a significant challenge associated with ETSC lies in the fact that half of the collector remains unexposed to sunlight. To overcome this limitation, parabolic reflectors can be employed as a viable solution. The primary objective of this study is to assess the performance of a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) in conjunction with ETSC, taking into account a specific ratio between the areas of the CPC and ETSC. To achieve the desired configuration, the CPC was meticulously designed, fabricated, installed, and subsequently tested. Moreover, the energy performance of the absorber tube was scrutinized both with and without the integration of a parabolic trough collector. The experiments and data collection were conducted on two selected days for both the conventional ETSC device and the system incorporating the CPC. Meteorological data and operational conditions were measured and digitally stored for subsequent analysis. A noteworthy outcome of the study is the revelation that the energy efficiency of the system with a concentrator exhibited a notable improvement of 2.8% compared to the conventional system. Offline results further indicated that the performance of a single absorber tube with a concentrator increased by approximately 2.7 times when compared to the standard system. This suggests that the energy performance of the solar water heater, with a capacity of about 200 liters and featuring 7 absorber tubes with a concentrator, is comparable to that of the conventional system equipped with 18 absorber tubes.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Ahmed H. Mohammed; Ahmed N. Shmroukh; Nouby M. Ghazaly; Abd Elnaby Kabeel
Abstract
In the present study, a modified pyramid-solar-still (MPSS) with new multiple stepped basin areas was investigated in the weather conditions of Qena, Egypt, at a location of (Latitude: 26.16°, Longitude: 32.71°). Boosting the output of the pyramid solar still is the primary focus of the proposed ...
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In the present study, a modified pyramid-solar-still (MPSS) with new multiple stepped basin areas was investigated in the weather conditions of Qena, Egypt, at a location of (Latitude: 26.16°, Longitude: 32.71°). Boosting the output of the pyramid solar still is the primary focus of the proposed strategy. To achieve this, four basins were built and integrated into the pyramid solar still, with their size increasing in proportion to the surface area of the condensing glass. A 25% increase in basin area per square meter of solar still was achieved compared to conventional pyramid solar still (CPSS) with the same condensing cover area. The thermal performance and productivity of the suggested solar still were demonstrated by developing energy balance equations for temperature components and then analytically computing their solutions. The results showed compatibility between theoretical and experimental results. The highest yields for CPSS were 2524 mL/m2, and for MPSS, they were 3415 mL/m2. The stepped area enhanced the yield by 35.3% compared with CPSS. Moreover, the efficiency of CPSS and MPSS was recorded as 23.5% and 31.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum yield of freshwater was obtained for the northern condensing cover, with the recorded value reaching 1174 mL/m2. Distilled water under the proposed system would cost $0.0179 per liter. Finally, the TDS and pH levels are in accordance with WHO recommendations for the quality of drinking water.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Zaiba Ishrat; Ankur Kumar Gupta; Seema Nayak
Abstract
The rapid rise in electrical energy demand and the depletion of fossil fuels have created a market for renewable energy. Among all the renewable energy resources, the most popular is solar energy, perceived as pollution-free, easily accessible, and low maintenance. In non-uniform solar irradiation or ...
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The rapid rise in electrical energy demand and the depletion of fossil fuels have created a market for renewable energy. Among all the renewable energy resources, the most popular is solar energy, perceived as pollution-free, easily accessible, and low maintenance. In non-uniform solar irradiation or partial shading conditions (PSC), the photovoltaic characteristics (PVC) of a solar panel system (SPS) exhibit multiple minor peaks (MP) with one global peak power point (GPPP). To extract the utmost energy from the SPS, the authors proposed an efficient hybrid algorithm integrating the advantages of machine learning and the classical algorithm fractional open circuit voltage (FOVA) to track the GPPP. To follow the GPPP of SPS under unstable environmental surroundings, this study tests ML-based hybrid MPPT algorithms, specifically squared multiple variable linear regression algorithms (SMVLRA), using Matlab/Simulink. Simulation through Matlab is employed to validate the efficiency of the SMVLRA-MPPT approach compared to existing popular conventional and modern MPPT algorithms, namely the Perturb and Observation algorithm (P&OA), the variable step size incremental conductance (VINC) algorithm, and an intelligent algorithm, Decision Tree Regression Algorithm (DTRA). The simulation results demonstrate that SMVLRA offers higher peak power and mean peak power efficiency in less tracking time, with lower error and almost negligible steady-state fluctuation under PSC. The proposed algorithm achieves 99.99% efficiency under standard test conditions (1000w/m2, 25°C), 99.95% under PSC1 (1000w/m2, 800w/m2, 25°C), and 98.89% under PSC2 (1000w/m2, 800w/m2, 600w/m2, 25°C)
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Zaiba Ishrat; Ankur Kumar Gupta; Seema Nayak
Abstract
Solar power energy continues to be a renewable and sustainable source of energy in the coming year due to its cleaner nature and abundant availability. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a technique used in solar power systems to extract maximum power from photovoltaic (PV) modules by tracking the ...
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Solar power energy continues to be a renewable and sustainable source of energy in the coming year due to its cleaner nature and abundant availability. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a technique used in solar power systems to extract maximum power from photovoltaic (PV) modules by tracking the operating point of the modules. MPPT is essential for achieving optimal power output from a solar panel, particularly in variable weather conditions. Traditional MPPT techniques are subject to limitations in handling the partial shading conditions (PSC). To ensure the tracking of maximum power point while boosting the MPPT's overall efficacy and performance, Machine Learning must be integrated into MPPT. As per the reviewer work, ML techniques have the potential to play a crucial role in the development of advanced MPPT systems for solar power systems operating under partial shading conditions and to compare the performance of existing ML-MPPT in terms of accuracy, response time, and efficacy. These review papers technically analyze the result of ML-MPPT techniques and suggest the optimum ML-MPPT tactics that are Q learning, Bayesian Regularization Neural Network (BRNN), and Multivariate Linear Regression Model (MLIR) to achieve optimum outcomes in MPPT under PSC. Further, these techniques can offer efficiency greater than 95%, tracking duration less than 1sec, and error threshold of 0.05. In the future, the reviewer may propose simulation work to compare the optimal algorithms.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Reza Roohi; Masoud Akbari
Abstract
The design of novel and effective receivers is one of the most challenging aspects of solar energy harvesters, especially for Parabolic Dish Collectors (PDCs). The variation of solar flux due to the solar time and sky clearance index can affect the output thermal energy of the collector. One of the major ...
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The design of novel and effective receivers is one of the most challenging aspects of solar energy harvesters, especially for Parabolic Dish Collectors (PDCs). The variation of solar flux due to the solar time and sky clearance index can affect the output thermal energy of the collector. One of the major approaches to producing a uniform performance for the PDCs is the utilization of Phase Change Materials (PCMs). The PCMs can absorb the solar flux at its peak instances. Subsequently, due to the thermal buffering effect, excess energy is released in cases with lower solar flux. In the present study, a novel design of receiver with multiple layers of thin PCM inserted between the passages of the working fluid is numerically simulated. The simulations are designed to determine the effect of operational parameters on the performance of the examined novel receiver. According to the results, by increasing the Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) flow rate from 60 to 90 kg/h, the system efficiency is increased from 53.8 to 66.4 %.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Debswarup Rath; Akshaya Kumar Patra; Sanjeeb Kumar Kar
Abstract
The primary objective of the proposed work is the design of a Hybrid Teaching Learning-based Horse Herd Optimization Algorithm regulated Fractional Order Tilt Derivative Acceleration with Filter (TLBO-HHOA regulated FOTDAF) controller for enhanced performance and enhanced devaluation of harmonic components ...
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The primary objective of the proposed work is the design of a Hybrid Teaching Learning-based Horse Herd Optimization Algorithm regulated Fractional Order Tilt Derivative Acceleration with Filter (TLBO-HHOA regulated FOTDAF) controller for enhanced performance and enhanced devaluation of harmonic components of the grid-connected photovoltaic system. The solar photovoltaic system incorporates constituents such as a photovoltaic array, interleaved fractional order boost converter (IFOBC), Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter (RSMI), and TLBO-HHOA regulated FOTDAF controller. IFOBC is preferred over boost converter because of its low ripple voltage, faster transient response, high efficiency, low duty cycle, reduced EMC, and improved reliability and stability. In this control strategy, the control logic is formulated by using a Tilt Integral Derivative Controller (TIDC), whose control parameters are considered as a function of the error to improve the robustness. The validation, better performance, and superiority of TLBO-HHOA regulated FOTDAF are established by comparative result analysis using modern controllers. This study implements TLBO-HHOA-regulated FOTDAF and applies Support Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique. The proposed model managed to achieve improvements in overall system response and reduced harmonic distortions as well as better accuracy, improved stability, improved robustness, and better capabilities to handle system uncertainties.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Gopal Nath Tiwari; Shikha Singh; Yashwant Kumar Singh
Abstract
This paper presents an analytical expression for the temperatures of the plant, room air, and solar cell, as well as the electrical efficiency, for a photo-voltaic thermal (PVT) roof façade of a greenhouse integrated semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal (GiSPVT) system. The expression considers ...
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This paper presents an analytical expression for the temperatures of the plant, room air, and solar cell, as well as the electrical efficiency, for a photo-voltaic thermal (PVT) roof façade of a greenhouse integrated semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal (GiSPVT) system. The expression considers climatic variables such as solar intensity and ambient air temperature, as well as design parameters such as the area of the PV module, electrical efficiency under standard test conditions (STC), temperature coefficient, and various heat transfer coefficients. Using monthly numerical computations for different parameters in Indian climatic conditions, this study evaluates energy matrices such as energy payback time (EPBT), energy production factor (EPF), and life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) for various solar cell materials, including single-crystalline (c-Si), multi-crystalline (mc-Si), amorphous (a-Si), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and cadmium telluride (CdTe), with and without thermal exergy. Considering that the life span of greenhouse materials varies from 5-30 years for low cost, medium, and high-tech greenhouses, different solar cell materials are recommended for different life spans of GiSPVT. Therefore, this study recommends suitable solar cell materials for known greenhousedesigns:(a) The EPBT and (LCCE considering thermal exergy for c-Si/mc-Si range from approximately 3.5 to 4.5 years and 13 to 22%, respectively. Consequently, these values render crystalline silicon solar cells highly fitting for application in high-tech greenhouses with a comparable lifespan.(b) For the CIGS, the EPBT is 1.17 years with an associated LCCE (including thermal exergy) of 16.44%. This establishes CIGS as particularly well-suited for deployment in cost-effective greenhouse environments designs:(a) EPBT and LCCE for c-Si/ mc-Si are about 3.5 to 4.5 years and 13 to 22%, respectively, with respect to thermal exergy. Hence, these two solar cell materials are most suitable for high-tech greenhouses that are similar to crystalline solar cell in terms of life cycle. (b) EPBT and LCCE of CIGS are 1.17 years and 16.44%, respectively, with respect to thermal exergy. Hence, the solar cell material of CIGS is most suitable for low-cost greenhouses.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Dorsa Razeghi Jahromi; Ali Minoofar; Ghazal Ghorbani; Aslan Gholami; Mohammad Ameri; Majid Zandi
Abstract
Floating photovoltaic solar systems offer numerous advantages, including reduced land usage, diminished water evaporation, and lowered thermal losses compared to terrestrial installations. If widely adopted, this system has the potential to generate a staggering 10,600 TWh of electricity. The widespread ...
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Floating photovoltaic solar systems offer numerous advantages, including reduced land usage, diminished water evaporation, and lowered thermal losses compared to terrestrial installations. If widely adopted, this system has the potential to generate a staggering 10,600 TWh of electricity. The widespread implementation of this technology could curtail water evaporation by approximately 30%. Floating solar power plants operate at temperatures about 20°C cooler than their terrestrial counterparts, enabling floating panels to yield up to 33.3% more energy. Furthermore, floating photovoltaic systems exhibit an 18.18% greater efficacy in curbing greenhouse gas emissions compared to their land-based counterparts. The heightened adoption of this system is driven by diverse factors, including escalating energy demand, ecological concerns, land-use constraints, and water scarcity, all contributing to sustainability. Despite the manifold benefits of these systems, there exist drawbacks associated with this technology, such as heightened panel corrosion, challenges in cleaning, and potential adverse environmental impacts that need to be addressed. This study meticulously examines the merits and challenges of floating photovoltaic systems in comparison to land-based installations through the content analysis method, meticulously categorizing pertinent research within the existing literature. Tailored approaches to cooling and cleaning, suited to the distinct installation conditions and environments of these systems, are concisely outlined. Through a comprehensive literature review and a meticulous comparison of cooling methods, it has been ascertained that the application of such strategies for floating solar plants yields an efficiency increase of 5-7% in the short term. Consequently, this study furnishes an initial guide for researchers and designers engaged in the development of both floating and land-based solar photovoltaic systems.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Satyaprasad Mohapatra; Akshaya Kumar Patra; Debswarup Rath
Abstract
The design of a Spotted Hyena Optimization Algorithm-Variable Parameter Tilt Integral Derivative with Filter (SHO-VPTIDF) controller for improved performance and enhanced devaluation of harmonic components of grid-connected photovoltaic systems is the main objective of the suggested manuscript. The SHO-VPTIDF ...
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The design of a Spotted Hyena Optimization Algorithm-Variable Parameter Tilt Integral Derivative with Filter (SHO-VPTIDF) controller for improved performance and enhanced devaluation of harmonic components of grid-connected photovoltaic systems is the main objective of the suggested manuscript. The SHO-VPTIDF controller is proposed by reformulating Tilt Integral Derivative Controller with Filter (TIDCF). The TIDCF is characterized by longer simulation time, lower robustness, longer settling time, attenuated ability for noise rejection, and limited use. This research gap is addressed by replacing the constant gains of TIDCF by variable parameter tilt integral derivative with filter. The VPTIDF replaces the constant gains of TIDCF with error varying control parameters to improve the robustness of the system. The photovoltaic system with nonlinearities causes power quality issues and occasional faults, which can be detected by using Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) based machine learning technique. The novelties of the proposed manuscript including improved stability, better robustness, upgraded accuracy, better harmonic mitigation ability, and improved ability to handle uncertainties are verified in a Matlab simulink environment. In this manuscript, the SHO-VPTIDF and the Direct and Quadrature Control based Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (DQCSPWM) method are employed for fault classification, harmonic diminishing, stability enhancement, better system performance, better accuracy, improved robustness, and better capabilities to handle system uncertainties.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Santosh s.s B; Mohamed Thameem Ansari M; Kantarao P.
Abstract
In the present day, a significant portion of the world's energy demand can be satisfied through the utilization of renewable energy sources. Solar energy, in particular, holds a pivotal position owing to its numerous merits. However, it faces a challenge known as mismatch response within the photovoltaic ...
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In the present day, a significant portion of the world's energy demand can be satisfied through the utilization of renewable energy sources. Solar energy, in particular, holds a pivotal position owing to its numerous merits. However, it faces a challenge known as mismatch response within the photovoltaic (PV) modules of an array when subjected to partial shading. This issue restricts power output, leads to the formation of local hot spots, and results in the underutilization of PV modules within the array. One of the most effective solutions to address this problem is optimizing the PV array (PVA) configuration to maximize output power under partial shading (PS) conditions. In this research paper, we commence with a thorough numerical analysis under uniform shading conditions. Following that, we scrutinize the performance of six traditional PVA configurations and three hybrid PVA configurations under PS conditions. The results consistently indicate that the Total Cross Tied (TCT) configuration outperforms others in all shading scenarios in terms of mitigating mismatch power loss, enhancing the fill factor, and improving overall efficiency.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Mohamed Chouidira; Nabila Ihaddadene; Razika Ihaddadene; Jed Mohamed El Hacen; Younes Kherbiche
Abstract
The study explores the impact of surface orientation and tilt on incident solar irradiation. It was conducted in M'Sila, an Algerian province, from February to June. A number of experiments were carried out using an experimental setup consisting of a heliometer and a slant changer, which allowed for ...
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The study explores the impact of surface orientation and tilt on incident solar irradiation. It was conducted in M'Sila, an Algerian province, from February to June. A number of experiments were carried out using an experimental setup consisting of a heliometer and a slant changer, which allowed for the variation of the tilt angle. Nineteen tilt angles ranging from 0° to 90° were investigated for the four main directions: North, South, East, and West. The obtained outcomes were statistically analyzed. At east and south orientations, incident solar irradiance rose as a function of tilt angle, reaching a maximum at the optimal angle, and then gradually decreased. Generally, the incident solar irradiance decreased as the tilt angle increased in the case of west and north orientations. The tilt angle of the exposed surface as well as the sun's elevation in the sky affected the amount of intercepted energy significantly at each orientation (p<0.05). When the sun was low in the sky, the south orientation was most preferred for an inclination greater than or equal to 25°. The north-facing surfaces with steep slopes (β³ 55°) received the least amount of solar radiation. These results hold great importance, particularly in the building sector, as they can be utilized to achieve energy saving.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Chunhyun Paik; Yongjoo Chung; Young Jin Kim
Abstract
The power generation sector accounts for a significant portion of GHG emissions, and many countries strive for the large-scale adoption of renewable generation. Although the intermittent nature of renewables brings about complications in energy system planning, the share of renewable generations is increasing ...
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The power generation sector accounts for a significant portion of GHG emissions, and many countries strive for the large-scale adoption of renewable generation. Although the intermittent nature of renewables brings about complications in energy system planning, the share of renewable generations is increasing to the greatest extent. The wind generation has drawn increasing attention to expanding the use of renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions from the power generation sector, and the estimation of capacity factor is crucial in energy system modeling. This study develops a mathematical model for estimating the capacity factor of a wind farm with the consideration of outage probability of individual turbines. In addition, the power curves and wind speed distribution of the wind farm need to be estimated, which is demonstrated with a wind farm in Korea. It is asserted that the proposed method may render the wind farm capacity factor effectively. Thus, the results from this study can be useful for energy system modeling involving wind generations.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Dnyaneshwar S. Malwad; Deepak C. Sonawane
Abstract
Preserving food from harvest to consumer level is a challenge in the agriculture sector. Drying is a crucial post-harvest technique that lowers moisture to levels suitable for storage. Solar drying is a traditional renewable energy drying process. Different solar drying methods have been developed to ...
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Preserving food from harvest to consumer level is a challenge in the agriculture sector. Drying is a crucial post-harvest technique that lowers moisture to levels suitable for storage. Solar drying is a traditional renewable energy drying process. Different solar drying methods have been developed to speed up the drying process and maintain the product's nutritious content. Indirect solar drying is one of the efficient drying methods that has better control over the drying temperature. Indirect solar drying has developed into a desirable, effective, and environmentally responsible drying technique when combined with solar collectors and thermal storage. Flat plates, evacuated tubes, and concentrated solar collectors are used in indirect solar dryers along with direct air heating or thermal storage systems. This study aims to review the improvement in the drying rate with different air heating mechanisms. Flat plate collectors with liquid working fluid are employed to heat the air, whereas in evacuated tube collectors, the air is directly heated passing through the tubes. Working fluids, air temperature, air velocity, and solar radiation are important dryer parameters affecting the drying rate. The paper also discusses the usage of heat storage devices for continuous drying operations. The drying time is greatly reduced through integration with latent and sensible storage technologies. Products that have been dried using indirect solar dryer and appropriate drying models are tabulated. Aspects of indirect solar drying and challenges in drying time reduction are also reported.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Saeed Karimian Aliabadi; Saber Rezaey
Abstract
The INVELOX system is an innovative approach that offers improved energy absorption efficiency from wind flow and reduced costs by utilizing smaller wind turbines. This research focuses on investigating the steady-state performance of one, two, or three wind turbines arranged within the venturi section ...
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The INVELOX system is an innovative approach that offers improved energy absorption efficiency from wind flow and reduced costs by utilizing smaller wind turbines. This research focuses on investigating the steady-state performance of one, two, or three wind turbines arranged within the venturi section of the system. A comprehensive modeling approach using an improved Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory is proposed and implemented as a MATLAB code. The code incorporates Prandtl's tip and hub loss factors, as well as turbulent wake corrections. The accuracy of the code is validated against experimental and numerical data. The results demonstrate that in a three-rotor tandem configuration in the INVELOX system, the power extracted from the second and third turbines is 0.54 and 0.24 times the power of the first turbine, respectively. Furthermore, for a two-turbine arrangement in the venturi section, the total power extracted from the system is 53.9% higher than that of a single turbine layout. In the case of a three-turbine configuration, the total power increases up to 1.78 times compared to a single turbine. The proposed model is suitable for geometric optimization and parameter studies. The system's performance is evaluated in terms of tip speed ratio, and the effects of different correction models are analyzed, including the local changes in forces and moments.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Gopal Nath Tiwari; Prashant Bhardwaj; Sujata Nayak
Abstract
This study considers N-photovoltaic thermal-thermo electric cooler (PVT-TEC) air collectors connected in series for thermal and electrical performance. An improved Hottel-Whiller-Bliss (HWB) equation and mass flow rate factor were derived for the nth PVT-TEC air collectors. The derivation is based on ...
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This study considers N-photovoltaic thermal-thermo electric cooler (PVT-TEC) air collectors connected in series for thermal and electrical performance. An improved Hottel-Whiller-Bliss (HWB) equation and mass flow rate factor were derived for the nth PVT-TEC air collectors. The derivation is based on energy balance equation for each component of N-photovoltaic thermal-thermo electric cooler (PVT-TEC) air collectors connected in series. Further, thermal energy and electrical energy from PV module and TEC were analyzed based on a given design and climatic parameters along with the overall exergy of the proposed system on the hourly and daily bases. Numerical computations were conducted using MATLAB under Indian climatic conditions. The proposed thermal model is valid for all climatic and weather conditions. Based on the numerical computations carried out, the following conclusions were made:The electrical power of PV module decreased with increase in the number of the n^th PVT-TEC air collectors as the electrical power of TEC increased.The overall instantaneous exergy efficiency decreased with increase in the number of the n^th PVT-TEC air collectors.Packing factor of TEC was found to be a very sensitive parameter for optimizing the number of PVT-TEC air collectors to ensure maximum overall exergy, and it was found to be β_tec=0.5. for N=7
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Sameer Hanna Khader; Abdel-Karim Khalid Daud
Abstract
This study proposes a novel approach to fast and direct determination of the Maximum Power Point (MPP) at any value of solar irradiation and cell temperature, without applying further mathematical processing to operate at that point. The current approach aims to reduce algorithm complexity, time consumption ...
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This study proposes a novel approach to fast and direct determination of the Maximum Power Point (MPP) at any value of solar irradiation and cell temperature, without applying further mathematical processing to operate at that point. The current approach aims to reduce algorithm complexity, time consumption during the iteration, and oscillation to reach the point at which the panel generates maximum possible power. For avoiding or eliminating these drawbacks, the chopper duty cycle (D) at which the panel-generated power should be the maximum is determined using the panel datasheet with respect to voltage and power at different irradiation rates (G). Mathematical equations are derived for MPP voltage and power at any value of solar irradiation using the manufacturer Photovoltaic (PV) specification. The simulation results obtained by MATLAB/SIMULINK platform showed that the power had a linear change, while the voltage had a nonlinear one with narrow variations. The yield duty cycle controls the Modified Single Ended Primary Converter (MSEPIC) that regulates the load voltage through a wide range below and above the rated panel voltage. The simulation results showed the fast response of chopper operation with a negligible starting time required by the MPPT algorithm, no duty cycle oscillation, and shorter iteration time. Furthermore, the conducted approach is validated based on the data published in a reputed journal, and the obtained results gave rise to new aspects that helped reduce dependency on conventional MPPT algorithms and, consequently, enhance the system response, efficiency and cost reduction.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Samir Tabet; Razika Ihaddadene; Belhi Guerira; Nabila Ihaddadene
Abstract
Dust accumulation on PV surface panels is a crucial factor affecting their performance. It is more frequently noted in the desert zones. The effect of dust on the electrical behavior of damaged PV panels was investigated in this study. Three panels are used: the degraded panels (with and without dust) ...
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Dust accumulation on PV surface panels is a crucial factor affecting their performance. It is more frequently noted in the desert zones. The effect of dust on the electrical behavior of damaged PV panels was investigated in this study. Three panels are used: the degraded panels (with and without dust) and the reference panels; they are located in an industrial zone with a continental climate (Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algeria). The I-V and P-V characterization and degradation mechanism visualization are used. Also, a numerical simulation was conducted to calculate the five parameters of the three modeled PV panels (diode ideality factor (a), series resistance (Rs), Shunt resistance (Rp), photocurrent (Ipv), and diode saturation current (I0)). These parameters were utilized for the first time to study the impact of dust on their degradation rate and the PV panel behavior. The degradation rate and the annual degradation rate of each parameter are affected by dust differently. The power degradation rate is increased by 5.45%. The Isc and Imax degradation rates are climbed by 6.97% and 6.0%, respectively. Vmax and Voc degradation rates decrease by 1.20% and 0.35%, respectively. Dust increased the rate of degradation for a, Iph, and I0 by 4.12%, 6.99%, and 68.17%, respectively. For Rs and Rp, the degradation rate was reduced by 4.51% and 20.01%, respectively. An appropriate netoiling approach must be considered because dust, even in non-desert areas and industrial zones, has a significant impact on the electrical characteristics degradation of a PV panel.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Abdurrahman Abubakar; Madihah Binti MD Salleh; Adibah Binti Yahya; Chong Chun Shiong; Shaza Eva Mohamad; Suraini Abd-Aziz Binti Abd-Aziz; Huszalina Hussin
Abstract
Oil Palm Frond (OPF) juice has been the focus of Malaysian bioenergy producers through acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. However, due to the high concentration of phenolic compounds in the hydrolysate, usually gallicacid and ferulic acids, the fermentation medium turns acidic which hinders ...
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Oil Palm Frond (OPF) juice has been the focus of Malaysian bioenergy producers through acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. However, due to the high concentration of phenolic compounds in the hydrolysate, usually gallicacid and ferulic acids, the fermentation medium turns acidic which hinders the growth of most microorganisms. A suitable method of phenolic compound removal with a minimal effect on the sugar stability of OPF juice has been employed using Amberlite XAD-4 resin. During the detoxification process, the effects of temperature and pH on the removal of phenolic compounds and sugar stability were also assessed. The Amberlite XAD-4 resin managed to adsorb about 32% of phenolic compound from the OPF hydrolysate at an optimum temperature of 50 °C and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of 6. In addition, it maintained as much as 93.7 % of the sugar in the OPF juice. The effect of detoxifying OPF hydrolysate was further tested for biobutanol production in batch culture using strain Clostridium acetobutylicum SR1, L2, and A1. Strain L2 gave the highest improvement in biobutanol and total solvent production by 22.7% and 14.41%, respectively, in medium with detoxified OPF juice. Meanwhile, compared to non-detoxified OPF juice, the acid production of strain L2 significantly decreased by 2.99-fold when using detoxified OPF juice, despite a 1.2-fold increase in sugar consumption. Conclusively, using Amberlite XAD-4 resin to detoxify OPF hydrolysate at pH 6 and 50 °C removed the phenolic compound while increasing the strain L2 capability to improve biobutanol and total solvent production.
Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies
Md. Rashedul Alam; Iftekhar Uddin Bhuiyan; Nur Mohammad
Abstract
The output power of a Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) plant depends mainly on the solar irradiance on the photovoltaic (PV) modules. Therefore, short-term variations in solar irradiance cause variations in the output power of solar power plants, making solar photovoltaic grid integration unstable. Solar irradiance ...
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The output power of a Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) plant depends mainly on the solar irradiance on the photovoltaic (PV) modules. Therefore, short-term variations in solar irradiance cause variations in the output power of solar power plants, making solar photovoltaic grid integration unstable. Solar irradiance variations mainly occur due to the weather conditions of a given location, especially the movement of clouds and seasonal effects. Consequently, assessing the variability of solar irradiance over the course of a year is essential to identify the extent of these variations. Geographical dispersion and cloud enhancement are two important factors affecting output power variations in a PV plant. Geographical dispersion reduces such variations, while cloud enhancement increases them. This study utilizes two ground station-based solar Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) datasets to assess the viability of solar irradiance in the Chittagong division of Bangladesh. The analysis reveals a significant number of days with high short-term solar irradiance variation. In addition to solar irradiance, the frequency and voltage at the interconnection point are important for safe grid integration. It was observed that the grid frequency exceeded the range specified by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), but remained within the grid code range of Bangladesh. Grid voltage variation at the interconnection substation was found to be within the standard range during the daytime, but low voltage was observed at the grid level during the rest period. Therefore, it is crucial to implement necessary preventive measures to reduce short-term variations for the safe grid integration of large-scale variable SPV plants.