Advanced Energy Technologies
Mina Bahraminasab; Hamed Moqtaderi; Atiyeh Kiaeinejad
Abstract
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) represent an environmentally-friendly approach to generating electricity, but the need to study variation parameters to find improvement conditions has been an important challenge for decades. In this study, a single-chamber MFC was designed to investigate the key parameters ...
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Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) represent an environmentally-friendly approach to generating electricity, but the need to study variation parameters to find improvement conditions has been an important challenge for decades. In this study, a single-chamber MFC was designed to investigate the key parameters such as the concentration and type of bacteria, chamber temperature, electrode spacing, and substrate rotation speed that affected the performance of MFCs. Therefore, two types of bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis (S.one) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), were compared as microorganisms. Then, the function of MFC was investigated under the following condition: three temperatures (30 ℃, 45℃, and 60℃), three bacterial concentrations (0.5% (v/v) (4.5 mg/ml), 1% (v/v) (9mg/ml), and 1.5% (v/v) (13.5mg/ml)), electrode distances (2 cm, 3 cm, 4cm), and substrate speeds (100 rpm, 150 rpm, 200 rpm). Ultimately, (S.one) bacteria, a chamber temperature of 45 ℃, a bacterial concentration of 1% (v/v) (9mg/ml), a cathode-anode spacing of 3 cm, and a rotation speed of 150 rpm proved to be the most efficient parameter settings for the constructed microbial fuel cell. The maximum voltage and highest power density were 486.9 mV and 9.73 mW/ , respectively, with a resistance of 7500 ohms. These results are meaningful for determining and improving important parameters in an MFC device.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Abraham Olatide Amole; Adebimpe Oluwaseun Adeyeye; Daniel Oluwaseun Akinyele; Kehinde Adeleye Makinde; Stephen Oladipo
Abstract
The use of Diesel Generators (DGs) and gas turbines to power oil rigs is characterized by pollution due to the emission of harmful gases like carbon dioxide, very high noise levels, high maintenance costs, and the inability to start the platform if the DG fails. Offshore wind energy generation system ...
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The use of Diesel Generators (DGs) and gas turbines to power oil rigs is characterized by pollution due to the emission of harmful gases like carbon dioxide, very high noise levels, high maintenance costs, and the inability to start the platform if the DG fails. Offshore wind energy generation system provides a viable alternative means of powering the oil rig and can also be integrated to operate in parallel with gas turbines. However, offshore wind energy might fail if not properly designed due to the high variability of wind resources. Hence, the objective of this work is to design offshore Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) energy generation system, DG, and hybrid DG-WTG for the black start of an offshore oil rig. The designed energy systems are simulated using HOMER Pro. Furthermore, the performance of the simulated systems was evaluated using the electrical production, unmet load, and emission profile as the performance metrics. The results of the hybrid DG-WTG powered black start revealed that 150kW DG generated 322,071kWh/yr representing 6.77% of the total generation and 1.5MW WTG generated 4,434,632kWh/yr representing 93.2% of the total generation. The comparison of the emissions from DG and DG-WTG revealed that 294,058kg/yr, 1,945kg/yr, 80.9kg/yr, 9.02kg/yr, 720kg/yr, and 688kg/yr of CO2, CO, UH, PM, SO2, and NO, respectively, were released into the atmosphere by DG-WTG which is very low compared to 969,129kg/yr, 6,109kg/yr, 267kg/yr, 37kg/yr, 2373kg/yr, and 5739kg/yr of CO2, CO, UH, PM, SO2, and NO, respectively, released into the atmosphere by DG. The sensitivity analysis revealed that while the electrical production of 100kW and 50kW DGs decreased with an increase in WTG height, the electrical production of 1.5MW WTG increased with an increase in WTG height. It was further revealed that the higher the WTG height the smaller the quantity of the emission released into the atmosphere.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Mohammad Saleh Barghi Jahromi; Vali Kalantar; Mohammad Sefid; Masoud Iranmanesh; Hadi Samimi Akhijahani
Abstract
Paraffin waxes are widely used as commercial organic heat storage phase change (PCM) for many applications due to their suitable properties; high heats of fusion, nonpoisonous, stable properties, no phase separation, and the phase process only results in a small volume change. Meanwhile, it suffers from ...
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Paraffin waxes are widely used as commercial organic heat storage phase change (PCM) for many applications due to their suitable properties; high heats of fusion, nonpoisonous, stable properties, no phase separation, and the phase process only results in a small volume change. Meanwhile, it suffers from low thermal conductivity. Various techniques can be enhanced the thermal conductivity of PCMs by incorporating the dispersion of high-conductivity particles or nanomaterial in the PCM itself and employing metal foams. Using nanoparticles has the disadvantages of an expensive cost and particle deposition after various cycles. Hence, in this study, some experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of porous media like copper foam and iron wool as the filler instead of nanomaterials on improving the heat conductivity of PCM. The results show that the porous foam increases the heat transfer and during the charging operation, the temperature of the porous plate wall increases continuously at the same rate as the paraffin. In 2400 s, the temperature of pure PCM, iron wool and copper foam reaches 67.3, 72.5 and 73.27℃ , respectively. The optimal mode is the one where the copper absorber plate is connected to the copper foam, reducing the charging time by 600 s compared to pure PCM and saving 75% of energy. Connecting the copper absorber plate to the iron wool has a good thermal performance and stores 70.83% of energy, so the iron wool has an acceptable performance and is suitable for storage systems.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Ala Moradi; Hajar Es-haghi; Seyed Hassan Hashemabadi; Majid Haghgoo; Zahra Emami
Abstract
Due to their high energy storage capacity, phase change materials (PCMs) have received significant attention as thermal energy storage systems. However, their low thermal conductivity reduces the rate of heat transfer. Incorporating nanoparticles into the matrix of PCM can be an efficient way to solve ...
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Due to their high energy storage capacity, phase change materials (PCMs) have received significant attention as thermal energy storage systems. However, their low thermal conductivity reduces the rate of heat transfer. Incorporating nanoparticles into the matrix of PCM can be an efficient way to solve their deficiency. In the current research, nano-enhanced phase change materials (NEPCM) based on Eicosane and incorporated nano graphite were prepared, and their thermal characteristics were evaluated. The SEM micrographs of graphite nano-powders, pure Eicosane, and prepared nanocomposites were analyzed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal conductivity evaluation (TC) of samples were conducted to determine their heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity. The results illustrated that the more graphite nanoparticles, the more collision number between graphite and Eicosane. Therefore, nanocomposites' thermal conductivity and diffusivity are increased with nanophase. Furthermore, increasing crystal growth and reducing heat capacity for the high amount of nanoparticles in the composite were discussed.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Mohammed Ali Sami Mahmood; Rodionov Yuriy Viktorovich; Shchegolkov Alexandr Viktorovich
Abstract
Researchers worldwide are studying thermal energy storage with phase change materials because of their substantial benefits in the enhancement of energy efficiency of thermal drying systems. A two-stage convective-vacuum impulsive drying plant is a technology for the manufacturing of chemical and food ...
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Researchers worldwide are studying thermal energy storage with phase change materials because of their substantial benefits in the enhancement of energy efficiency of thermal drying systems. A two-stage convective-vacuum impulsive drying plant is a technology for the manufacturing of chemical and food products with high quality and low energy costs. Energy consumption during the drying process is the main indicator in terms of economy. In this paper, a brief and focused review of the peculiarities of TEAs with PPCMs and opportunities of their application in such drying systems is done and discussed. The paper described the mentioned manufacturing system. The advantages of paraffin wax and thermal conductivity improvement techniques were demonstrated for their use as heat storage materials in CVID drying units. The results of similar previous studies were presented. The results of the experimental studies conducted by the researchers proved that the use of heat accumulators with PCMs increased the overall energy efficiency of drying systems. Finally, integration of TEAs based on modified PPCMs in the CVID system was recommended to intensify thermal energy, reduce thermal influence on the main indicators of the vacuum pump during the evacuation process, and decrease production costs.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Abbas Ahmadi; Mahsa Zaman; Siab Mamipour
Abstract
Clean solar energy is one of the best sources of energy. The large number of sunny days in Iran makes it ideal for solar power plants to generate electricity. This paper presents a short-term forecasting approach based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for selected solar power plants in Iran and ranks ...
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Clean solar energy is one of the best sources of energy. The large number of sunny days in Iran makes it ideal for solar power plants to generate electricity. This paper presents a short-term forecasting approach based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for selected solar power plants in Iran and ranks the input variables of the neural network according to their importance. Two solar power plants in Hamadan province (Amirkabir and Khalij-Fars) were selected for the project. The output of solar power plants is dependent on weather conditions. Solar radiation on the horizontal plane, air temperature, air pressure, day length, number of sunny hours, cloudiness, and airborne dust particles are considered input variables in this study to predict solar power plant output. Forecasting model selection is based on considering zero and nonzero quantities of target variables. The results show that solar production forecasting based on meteorological parameters in the Khalij-Fars is more accurate than Amirkabir. The global solar radiation, air temperature, number of sunny hours, day length, airborne dust particles, cloudiness, air pressure, and dummy variables[1] are the order of the most important inputs to solar power generation. Results show simultaneous influences of radiation and temperature on solar power plant production.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Subramanian Kumaravel; Nagaraj MeenakshiSunadaram; Govindarajan Bharathiraja
Abstract
A piece of copper scrap was still sitting in the 1m × 1m base of the single-slope solar still. An automated system dripped salt water into the solar still's basin at a steady rate. Dripping salt water and energy storage materials like scrap copper and brass are used in the test. Copper scrap in ...
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A piece of copper scrap was still sitting in the 1m × 1m base of the single-slope solar still. An automated system dripped salt water into the solar still's basin at a steady rate. Dripping salt water and energy storage materials like scrap copper and brass are used in the test. Copper scrap in a basin with a drop of salt water to sustain the shallowest water level has an important impact on output, as demonstrated by studies. The high thermal capacity of the salt water in the basin reduces production. As additional salt water is added to the basin, the temperature difference between the water inside and the glass cover will increase. After considering the experimental results, the calculated yield is good, and the overall thermal efficiency remains at 71.3%. The production rate is also controlled by diffusion on the south-facing condensed cover. Water, glass, air, and their combined temperatures are measured and analyzed.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Ming Hung Lin; Juin Hung Lin; Mamdouh El Haj Assad; Reza Alayi; Seyed Reza Seyednouri
Abstract
The optimal combination of distributed generation units in recent years has been designed to improve the reliability of distributed generation systems as well as to reduce losses in electrical distribution systems. In this research, the improved Genetic Algorithm has been proposed as a powerful optimization ...
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The optimal combination of distributed generation units in recent years has been designed to improve the reliability of distributed generation systems as well as to reduce losses in electrical distribution systems. In this research, the improved Genetic Algorithm has been proposed as a powerful optimization algorithm for optimizing problem variables. The objective function of this paper includes power loss reduction, hybrid system reliability, voltage profile, optimal size of distributed generation unit, and finally improvement of the construction cost of combined wind and solar power plants. Therefore, the problem variables are subject to reliable load supply and the lowest possible cost during the optimization process. In order to achieve this goal in this study, the IEEE standard 30-bus network is examined. The results of the system simulation show the reduction of total system losses after DG installation compared to the state without DG and the improvement of other variable values in this network. This loss index after installing DG in the desired bus has a reduction of about 200 kWh during the year and has a value equal to 126.42 kWh per year.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Zeinab Sabzian-Molaee; Esmaeel Rokrok Rokrok; Meysam Doostizadeh
Abstract
In this study, a novel stochastic planning method is proposed for AC-DC hybrid distribution networks. The proposed approach is based on the graph theory, and the optimal AC-DC structure of the network is selected among the system spanning trees. The presented method is a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming ...
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In this study, a novel stochastic planning method is proposed for AC-DC hybrid distribution networks. The proposed approach is based on the graph theory, and the optimal AC-DC structure of the network is selected among the system spanning trees. The presented method is a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem, which is solved using genetic algorithm. The buses and lines of the network can be either AC or DC to minimize the system investment costs in the master optimization problem. The location and capacity of the Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) as well as the site and size of the Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations are optimized in the slave problem to minimize the network losses and system costs. The proposed model utilizes Monte Carlo simulation to deal with the stochastic variations of the renewable energy resources power and load demands. Besides, the converter efficiency curve in the proposed planning problem is modeled based on a function of its input current using PLECS software. The proposed approach for network design can be applied to different DG resources and AC-DC loads. The comparison between the simulation results of the proposed approach and the conventional AC planning method demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed model in reducing network losses and system costs
Advanced Energy Technologies
Seyed Amir Hassan Bathaei; Masoud Iranmanesh; Hossein Amiri; Hajir Kourki
Abstract
Thermal Energy Storage (TES) for solar thermal systems has attracted great attention because of the intermittent availability of solar energy. In the current paper, new combinations of several Phase Change Materials (PCMs) including a type of paraffin and some mineral compounds like ammonium nitrate ...
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Thermal Energy Storage (TES) for solar thermal systems has attracted great attention because of the intermittent availability of solar energy. In the current paper, new combinations of several Phase Change Materials (PCMs) including a type of paraffin and some mineral compounds like ammonium nitrate and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate were exanimated and their thermo-physical properties were compared. This study targets solar heating systems at different temperature intervals for the TES. Another new approach of this study is to determine the effect of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) with two diameters (D) of 8 and 10-20 nm on paraffin's thermophysical property to improve these properties. An innovative method was used to measure Electrical Conductivity (EC) as it is easier to measure than thermal conductivity (K) to study the effect of nanoparticles on PCM behavior. The results showed that the highest values of improvement over paraffin properties were related to 5% nanoparticle additive for both nanoparticle diameters among the percentages studied. The addition of 5 % nanoparticles with 10-20 nm and 8 nm to paraffin at 25 ° C increased heat conductivity by 142% and 156%, respectively. The addition of nanoparticles to paraffin improved EC several times such that a diameter of 8 nm made a 300% increase in EC compared to 10-20 nm.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Njovana G. Allen; Wenying Yu; Qiying Shen; Jiarui Li; Yanyan Zhu; Yongsheng Liu
Abstract
This study aims to assess the potential of coupling solar PV power plants with Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) to curtail load-shedding and provide a stable and reliable baseload power generation in Zimbabwe. Data from geographical surveys, power plant proposals, and investment information from ...
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This study aims to assess the potential of coupling solar PV power plants with Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) to curtail load-shedding and provide a stable and reliable baseload power generation in Zimbabwe. Data from geographical surveys, power plant proposals, and investment information from related sources were reviewed and applied accordingly. Areas considered to be of good potential to employ the use of BESS were identified considering such factors as feasibility of PV plants, proximity to transmission lines, the size of a town or neighborhood, and energy demands for BESS Return On Investment (ROI) calculations. Previous studies have proven that 10% of the suitable land for PV systems has the capability to generate thirty times the current power demand of the nation operating even with the least efficiency. In recent years, coupling renewable energy sources with a suitable energy storage system yielded improved performances, giving consumers a reliable, stable, and predictable grid. BESS technologies on the utility scale have improved in recent years, giving more options with improved safety, and decreasing the purchase costs, too.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Ghazanfar Shahgholian
Abstract
Distributed flexible ac transmission system (D-FACTS) is a light-weight version of FACTS, which it is easily allocated and costs less than flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices. They have potential benefits to improve the system stability and improvement in power quality in microgrid (MG). ...
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Distributed flexible ac transmission system (D-FACTS) is a light-weight version of FACTS, which it is easily allocated and costs less than flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices. They have potential benefits to improve the system stability and improvement in power quality in microgrid (MG). The integration of distributed energy sources, loads, electrical energy storage devices, and electronic power devices, as well as the operation of microgrids in connected or island-connected modes has expanded their use. It is a small main grid that can generate electricity when disconnected from the main network. In addition, microgrids reduce the high investment costs required to upgrade the network. The application of DFACTS devices for improving the microgrid operation has been investigated by some researches. This paper provides a review of impact and role of various DFACTS devices in the function of microgrids, which has been reported in recent years in various pieces of the literature. DFACTS devices with their properties are described. Finally, a useful reference and framework for the study is provided for future expansion of DFACTS devices so as to improve the performance of the microgrid.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Mohammad Rahimzadeh; Hamid Samadi; Nikta Shams Mohammadi
Abstract
Energy harvesting from ambient vibrations using piezoelectric cantilevers is one of the most popular mechanisms for producing electrical energy. Recently, efforts have been made to improve the performance of energy harvesters. The output voltage dramatically depends on the geometrical and physical parameters ...
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Energy harvesting from ambient vibrations using piezoelectric cantilevers is one of the most popular mechanisms for producing electrical energy. Recently, efforts have been made to improve the performance of energy harvesters. The output voltage dramatically depends on the geometrical and physical parameters of these devices. In addition, improved performance is often achieved by operating at or near the resonance point. So, this paper aims to reduce the natural frequency to match the environmental excitation frequency and increase the harvested energy. For this purpose, different geometrical and physical parameters are studied to determine the impact of each parameter. These parameters include the length, thickness, density, and Young’s modulus of each layer. The beam is considered a unimorph cantilever with rectangular configuration and the study is performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results are compared with those obtained by an analytical approach. The results show that changing the parameters made the natural frequency of the system vary in the range of 20 Hz to 200 Hz and increased the output voltage up to 20 V.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Mohammad Rasooli Mavini; Hassan Ali Ozgoli; Sadegh Safari
Abstract
In this study, various configurations design of a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) are examined to enhance energy efficiency of a Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP). A novel approach is used to investigate ten applicable configurations of a dual pressure Heat Recovery Steam Generator HRSG thoroughly ...
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In this study, various configurations design of a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) are examined to enhance energy efficiency of a Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP). A novel approach is used to investigate ten applicable configurations of a dual pressure Heat Recovery Steam Generator HRSG thoroughly to explore the best practice models from the energy-conserving considerations. Further, a fuel consumption assessment has been conducted to identify the best performance of the cycle and investigate the minimum pollutants released of each Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) configuration. The results have revealed that four scenarios among ten, have expressed a considerably better performance regarding; fuel consumption, steam production, energy efficiency, and finally yet importantly environmental considerations. Further, it has been found that in comparison to the conventional configuration, not only the selected scenarios have proved almost four times improvement in the low-pressure steam generation, but also 30% fuel consumption saving in supplementary firing has been achieved which has both economic and environmental benefits. Moreover the carbon dioxide saving potential for the best scenario is 51.37 kgCO2 MWh-1 consequently the environmental benefit of it is calculated about 133,418 $ MWh-1.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Gunasagar Sahu; Hifjur Raheman
Abstract
A solar energy operated two-row weeder was developed for weeding in wetland paddy crop. Its major components are power source, power transmission system, weeding wheels, and a float. The power source comprised a DC motor, solar panel, and power storage unit with maximum power point tracker and motor ...
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A solar energy operated two-row weeder was developed for weeding in wetland paddy crop. Its major components are power source, power transmission system, weeding wheels, and a float. The power source comprised a DC motor, solar panel, and power storage unit with maximum power point tracker and motor controller. Solar panel/power storage unit through a motor controller supplied power to the DC motor and it was transmitted to the shaft of the weeding wheel through a dog clutch. A pair of wheels attached with jaw tooth and plane blades at wheel circumference was used for carrying out weeding and movement of the weeder in the field. A float was used to prevent sinkage of the weeder in soft soil which, in turn, ensured stability during operation. The developed weeder could do weeding at a rate of 0.06 ha per hour with field efficiency, weeding efficiency, and plant damage of 83.3 %, 83 % and 2-3 %, respectively. As compared to cono-weeder, the cost of weeding was 41.2 % lower due to higher field capacity and fewer labor requirements. Annual use less than 4.13 ha for the developed weeder was found uneconomical for carrying out weeding. The developed powering system comprising solar photovoltaic panels could supply power to do weeding continuously for 2 hours with a maximum discharge of 20 % from the battery.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Moslem Geravandi; Hassan Moradi CheshmehBeigi
Abstract
The ability of power systems against severe events shows their increased resilience, which in turn reduces the operation costs and recovery time of the system. This study presents a new resilient stochastic unit commitment model using the frequency change rate as a new index of system resilience. Furthermore, ...
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The ability of power systems against severe events shows their increased resilience, which in turn reduces the operation costs and recovery time of the system. This study presents a new resilient stochastic unit commitment model using the frequency change rate as a new index of system resilience. Furthermore, uncertainties of wind and solar power plants and demanded load are considered simultaneously. In the proposed method that considers the occurrence of a destructive incident in important production units in the worst-case scenarios and by using the generation capacity, adaptive frequency load shedding, and interrupting contracts, an effective strategy was provided to solve the unit commitment problem of thermal units to prevent instability in system frequency and to minimize unwanted load shedding. The proposed model was tested and evaluated on the IEEE 39-bus system with a wind power plant and a solar power plant. Moreover, the results obtained from simulation were reported. The effectiveness of this innovative approach in increasing the resilience of the power system against different degrees of uncertainty was confirmed based on the results.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Shokoofeh Bagheri; Hassan Moradi CheshmehBeigi
Abstract
Today, the presence of energy storage systems along with the alternative nature of renewable energy sources has become undeniable and one of these types of systems is battery energy storage systems. The most important factor in studying the stability of DC microgrids (DCMGs) is the stabilization of the ...
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Today, the presence of energy storage systems along with the alternative nature of renewable energy sources has become undeniable and one of these types of systems is battery energy storage systems. The most important factor in studying the stability of DC microgrids (DCMGs) is the stabilization of the DC bus voltage when an error occurs on its reference value. Therefore, batteries along with power electronic converters play an important role in maintaining DCMG stability. In this paper, the use of Cascaded Buck-Boost Converter (CBBC) can be considered as a suitable alternative to bidirectional buck-boost converter due to such advantages as high power density, 98 % efficiency, and higher operating temperature in battery. The control strategy is applied in the microgrid implemented in the converter system set with storage, and Virtual DC Machine (VDCM) is based on charging and discharging battery through CBBC. In the studied control method, the theoretical properties of the DC machine, which is responsible for amplifying the virtual inertia in the system, are directed to the CBBC for correct switching. VDCM can be changed from motoring to generating mode or vice versa, regardless of mechanical machinery. Therefore, the proposed control system is simulated in an islanded DCMG in Matlab/Simulink and the stability of the studied system is analyzed according to the small-signal model of the proposed control and converter units. According to the simulation results and small-signal model analysis, the stability of the proposed idea under different scenarios is confirmed.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Ashkan Zolriasatein; Zahra RajabiMashhadi; Majid Rezaei Abadchi; Nastaran Riahi Noori; Siamak Abyazi
Abstract
The crisis of contamination that leads to the accumulation of dust particles on insulation equipment and electrical insulators has disrupted the electricity grid. Electric discharge on infected insulators in wet conditions is a serious threat to the reliability of the grid, which can lead to grid failure ...
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The crisis of contamination that leads to the accumulation of dust particles on insulation equipment and electrical insulators has disrupted the electricity grid. Electric discharge on infected insulators in wet conditions is a serious threat to the reliability of the grid, which can lead to grid failure and blackout. In this regard, the importance of hydrophobic and dustproof coatings in the electricity industry has increased in recent years. In this paper, silica nanoparticles in the silicon rubber matrix were used to coat ceramic insulators to decrease the environmental impact of dust and moisture on the insulator’s coatings. One of the essential properties of these coatings is their hydrophobicity to prevent possible problems in power transmission. With this regard, nanocomposites were applied to 70 kN insulators and the tests were designed according to the available standards. The performance of these nanocoatings was evaluated by the implementation of electrical, salt fog, and hydrophobicity tests. Finally, the nanocomposite sample containing 3 wt % silica was recognized as the best one.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Amrollah Dehghani Sanij; Taghi Torabi; Abbas khamseh; Alireza Boushehri
Abstract
This research aims to determine the influence of fundamental, applied, developmental research and Nanofabrication (NanoFab) centers on the final outcomes achieved by research and development activities, implying product development and value creation in nanotechnology. Data were collected through library ...
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This research aims to determine the influence of fundamental, applied, developmental research and Nanofabrication (NanoFab) centers on the final outcomes achieved by research and development activities, implying product development and value creation in nanotechnology. Data were collected through library studies and field studies in this study and research factors were also identified. To confirm the collected factors, structural equation technique and Smart PLS software were used and after confirming the research factors, the collected data were analyzed using fuzzy inference method and MATLAB software. The achieved results indicated that this field had the most performance despite the minimal influence of fundamental research on the final results of research and development activities and developmental research, while NanoFabs had the poorest performance with the highest influence on the final results of research activities. It is possible to conclude according to the research results that research and development activities at the fundamental and applied levels cannot easily be connected to the end ring, i.e., industry without NanoFab centers, and provide the final product and create value. Furthermore, providing NanoFab or NanoFabs with emphasis on the development of nanomaterial can significantly affect the development of renewable energies.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Shafini Mohd Shafie; Zakirah Othman; A. Harits Nu'man; Nik Nurul Anis Nik Yusuf
Abstract
Penetration of renewable energy in the energy generation mix must be viewed from different angles. This issue shall not only cover the technological part, but also economic, environmental, and social criteria. The fuel cell provides huge potential with less reliance on fossil fuel-based electricity generation. ...
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Penetration of renewable energy in the energy generation mix must be viewed from different angles. This issue shall not only cover the technological part, but also economic, environmental, and social criteria. The fuel cell provides huge potential with less reliance on fossil fuel-based electricity generation. This paper aims to model the optimum design of fuel cell-based electricity generation in Malaysia. Economic and environmental aspects are indicators that contribute to designing an optimum model. Both Multi-Criteria Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process were employed in order to decide on the optimum site for the system. Truck transportation, biogas storage, and fuel cell system are among the most important criteria that provide final weighted criteria. Considering both criteria for the economic and environment concerns, the best optimum location is in Sarawak State. The findings of this study influence the decision-making and help researchers and decision-makers develop proper strategies in the renewable energy roadmap.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Purna Prakash Kasaraneni; Pavan Kumar Yellapragada Venkata
Abstract
Smart homes are considered to be the subset of smart grids that have gained widespread popularity and significance in the present energy sector. These homes are usually equipped with different kinds of sensors that communicate between appliances and the metering infrastructure to monitor and trace the ...
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Smart homes are considered to be the subset of smart grids that have gained widespread popularity and significance in the present energy sector. These homes are usually equipped with different kinds of sensors that communicate between appliances and the metering infrastructure to monitor and trace the energy consumption details. The smart meters trace the energy consumption data continuously or in a period of intervals as required. Sometimes, these traces will be missed due to errors in communication channels, an unexpected breakdown of networks, malfunctioning of smart meters, etc. This missingness greatly impacts smart home operations such as load estimation and management, energy pricing, optimizing assets, planning, decision making, etc. Moreover, to implement a suitable precautionary measure to eliminate missing of data traces, it is required to understand the past behavior of the data anomalies. Hence, it is essential to comprehend the behavior of missing data in the smart home energy consumption dataset. In this regard, this paper proposes an analytical approach to detect and quantify the missing data instants in all days for all appliances. Using this quantification, the behavior of missing data anomalies is analyzed during the day. For the analysis, a practical smart home energy consumption dataset ‘Tracebase’ is considered. Initially, the existence and the count of missing instants are computed. From this, the appliance ‘MicrowaveOven’ is considered for further analysis as it comprises the highest count of missing instants (84740) in a day when compared to all other appliances. Finally, the proposed analysis reveals that the large number of missing instants is occurring during the daylight period of a day.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Maryam Keshavarz; Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori; Vajihe Yousefi
Abstract
Response surface methodology is employed to statistically identify the significance of three parameters of separator assembly arrangement, wastewater flow rate, and relative flow patterns of anode and cathode influencing the generation of power and coulombic efficiency of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs). ...
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Response surface methodology is employed to statistically identify the significance of three parameters of separator assembly arrangement, wastewater flow rate, and relative flow patterns of anode and cathode influencing the generation of power and coulombic efficiency of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs). Three different assemblies of Nylon-Cloth (NC), artificial rayon cloth as Absorbent Layer (AL), and J-Cloth (JC) were investigated as proton exchange mediums instead of common expensive polymeric membranes. Statistical analyses (ANOVA) revealed that although the addition of the AL after the JC layer had no significant impact on the enhancement of maximum power density, it could improve the coulombic efficiency of the MFCs by 15 %, owing to the crucial impact of oxygen permeability control between the MFC chambers. In the counter-current flow pattern, higher trans-membrane pressure and more oxygen concentration differences diminished the MFC performance and marked the importance of efficient separator layer arrangement, compared to co-current influents. The maximum power density of 285.89 mW/m2, the coulombic efficiency of 4.97 %, and the internal resistance of 323.9 Ω were achieved for the NC-JC-Al arrangement in the co-current mode along with the flow rate of 6.9 ml/min. The higher the flow rate of influent wastewater, the higher the performance of the MFCs.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Vahid Nazari; Mohammad Hossein Mousavi; Hassan Moradi CheshmehBeigi
Abstract
Over the past decades, power engineers have begun to connect power grids to other networks such as microgrids associated with renewable units using long transmission lines to provide higher reliability and greater efficiency in production and distribution besides saving resources. However, many dynamic ...
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Over the past decades, power engineers have begun to connect power grids to other networks such as microgrids associated with renewable units using long transmission lines to provide higher reliability and greater efficiency in production and distribution besides saving resources. However, many dynamic problems such as low frequency oscillations were observed as a result of these connections. Low frequency oscillation is a normal phenomenon in most power systems that causes perturbations and, thus, the grid stability and damping process are of paramount importance. In this paper, to attenuate these oscillations, a novel method for designing Power System Stabilizer (PSS) is presented via Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) approach for a Single Machine Infinite Bus system (SMIB). Because the system under study is subject to frequent load and production changes, designing the stabilizer based on the nominal model may not yield the desired performance. To guarantee the flexibility of the stabilizer with respect to the aforementioned issues, the power system polytopic representation is used. In order to apply the new method, the nonlinear equations of the system at each operating point, located in a polytope, are parametrically linearized by scheduling variables. Scheduling variables can be measured online in any operating point. By using this model and following the H∞ synthesis, feedback theories, and Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs), LPV controllers at all operating points are obtained. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller over classic and robust controllers with regard to uncertainties and changes in system conditions.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Padmanabhan Sambandam; Parthasarathy Murugesan; Mohamed Iqbal Shajahan; Balaguru Sethuraman; Hussein Mohamed Abdelmoneam Hussein
Abstract
Environmental sustainability encompasses various problems including climate change, clean air, renewable energy, non-toxic environments, and capacity to live in a healthy community. Many researchers focus their attention on alternative energy sources, such as ethanol and hydroxy gas, to enhance environmental ...
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Environmental sustainability encompasses various problems including climate change, clean air, renewable energy, non-toxic environments, and capacity to live in a healthy community. Many researchers focus their attention on alternative energy sources, such as ethanol and hydroxy gas, to enhance environmental health and quality of life. The introduction of hydroxy gas as a clean source of energy is gaining significant traction. Also, ethanol has a greater octane number than gasoline. Therefore, the ethanol–gasoline blend has a higher octane number than conventional gasoline. A new combination of hydroxy gas, ethanol, and gasoline is environmentally benign while significantly improving the performance of gasoline engines. This paper tested hydroxy gas in a 197-cc gasoline engine power generator powered with ethanol–gasoline blend. The results demonstrated that thermal efficiency increased up to 23.6 % and fuel consumption decreased up to 36 % on a volume basis, which was a significant improvement over the base engine. Furthermore, the hazardous carbon monoxide reduction reached 11.45 % and the unburned hydrocarbon emissions reached 17.6 %.
Advanced Energy Technologies
Mohsen Babaiee; Mohammad Zarei-Jelyani; Shaghayegh Baktashian; Rahim Eqra
Abstract
A mechanical technique was applied to the copper current collector of lithium-ion battery anode to improve interface adhesion between Cu foil and anode film. The mechanical and electrochemical performances of graphite anodes coated on Bare Cu Foil (BCF) and Modified Cu Foil (MCF) were evaluated. The ...
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A mechanical technique was applied to the copper current collector of lithium-ion battery anode to improve interface adhesion between Cu foil and anode film. The mechanical and electrochemical performances of graphite anodes coated on Bare Cu Foil (BCF) and Modified Cu Foil (MCF) were evaluated. The BCF and MCF anodes exhibited adhesion strengths of 1.552 and 1.617 MPa, respectively. The electrochemical studies of BCF and MCF anodes showed that the initial discharge capacity of graphite anode coated on the MCF (323.6 mAh g-1) was about 8 % higher than the BCF anode (299.9 mAh g-1). The BCF anode capacity reached 227.9 mAh g-1 after 100 charge/discharge cycles at 0.5C rate, while this value was 247.7 mAh g-1 for MCF anode. The results of electrochemical impedance spectra demonstrated that the diffusion coefficient of lithium-ion for MCF anode was about 56 % higher than that for BCF anode. On the other hand, the surface modification of the copper current collector reduced the charge transfer resistance of anode from 28.5 Ω to 23.2 Ω.
